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1873 Spanish general election

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1873 Spanish general election
Flag of the First Spanish Republic.svg
←  1872 (Aug)
10–13 May 1873
1876  →
All 424 seats in the Congress of Deputies [a]
213 seats needed for a majority
 First partySecond partyThird party
  Pi i Margall 1869 cropped.png Cristino Martos 1874 cropped.png Praxedes Mateo Sagasta 1877 (cropped).jpg
Leader Francesc Pi i Margall Cristino Martos Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
Party Republican Radical Conservative–Constitutional
Leader's seat Barcelona ——
Seats won343207
Seat changeIncrease2.svg 265Decrease2.svg 254Decrease2.svg 7
Prime Minister before election

Estanislao Figueras
Republican

Prime Minister after election

Estanislao Figueras
Republican

A general election was held in Spain from 10 to 13 May 1873 to elect the members of the Constituent Cortes in the First Spanish Republic. 406 of 424 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election. The election in Cuba was indefinitely postponed. [a]

Contents

The election was held with universal male suffrage. It was held in very unorthodox conditions and drew a very low voter turnout, as neither the Carlist or Alfonsist monarchists participated. The same happened with centralist and unitarian Republicans, or even the incipient labor organizations affiliated with the First International, who held a campaign of election boycott. This left the republic with a serious lack of legitimacy. The Federal Democratic Republican Party won the election.

Background

The political situation in Spain, worsened due to the outbreak of the Third Carlist War, the intensification of the Ten Years' War in Cuba, the breakup of the governing coalition—over frictions among its component factions, led by Prime Minister Manuel Ruiz Zorrilla and State minister Cristino Martos—and a conflict between the prime minister and the Artillery Corps, led King Amadeo I to finally abdicate the Spanish throne on 11 February 1873. As a consequence, the Spanish Cortes , reconstituted into a National Assembly in joint and permanent session, proclaimed the First Spanish Republic. [4]

Overview

Under the 1873 Republic proclamation, the Spanish Cortes conceived in the 1869 Constitution were reassembled as a National Assembly in a joint session of both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate. [5] The electoral law of the Democratic Sexennium remained in force with amendments, including the Senate's abolition and the Congress's conversion into a constituent assembly. [6]

Electoral system

Voting for the Cortes was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 21 years of age with full civil rights. [6] [7] [8] [9] In Puerto Rico, voting was based on censitary suffrage, comprising males of legal age who were either literate or taxpayers in any concept. [6] [10] [11]

The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 40,000 inhabitants or fraction above 20,000. All were elected in single-member districts using plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain and Puerto Rico according to population. [12] [13] [14] [15] 18 additional seats were allocated to three multi-member constituencies in the island of Cuba, where elections and boundary delimitations were indefinitely postponed due to the Ten Years' War. [2] [3] [16]

The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. [17]

Eligibility

Spanish citizens with the right to vote could run for election, provided that they were not holders of government-appointed posts. [18] [19] Special exemptions from ineligibility were granted to certain individuals, capping at 40 the number of lawmakers able to benefit from these: [6] [20]

Other ineligibility provisions also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and for up to three months afterwards; contractors of public works or services; tax collectors and their guarantors; and debtors of public funds. [21] Additionally in Puerto Rico, ineligibility extended to those convicted of slave trade crimes. [22] Incompatibility rules prohibited the simultaneous holding of the positions of deputy, senator, provincial deputy and local councillor, as well as serving by two or more constituencies. [23] [24]

Election date

Election day was held over several voting days: the first was used to elect polling station officials, and the remaining ones were devoted to the parliamentary election itself. [25]

The election to the Constituent Cortes was officially called on 11 March 1873, with the corresponding decree setting election day from between 10 to 13 May. [26]

Results

Congress of Deputies

← Summary of the 10–13 May 1873 Congress of Deputies election results →
SpainCongressDiagram1873.svg
Parties and alliancesPopular voteSeats
Votes%Total+/−
Federal Democratic Republican Party (PRDF)343+265
Radical Democratic Party (PDR)20−254
Liberal Reformist Party (PLR)15+1
Conservative–Constitutional Coalition (C–C)7−7
Alfonsist Conservatives (A)3−6
Independent Republicans (R.IND)1−1
Independent Carlists (CARL.IND) n/a n/a0−3
Liberal Conservative Party (PLC)n/an/a0−1
Independents (INDEP)17+6
Vacant [a] 18±0
Total1,883,778424±0
Votes cast / turnout1,883,77840.97
Abstentions2,713,70059.03
Registered voters4,597,478
Sources [27] [28] [29] [30]
Seats
PRDF
 
80.90%
PDR
 
4.72%
PLR
 
3.54%
C–C
 
1.65%
A
 
0.71%
R.IND
 
0.24%
INDEP
 
4.01%
Vacant
 
4.25%

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 Elections in Cuba were indefinitely postponed due to the outbreak of the Ten Years' War, resulting in the vacancy of the 18 seats allocated to the island. [1] [2] [3]

References

  1. ↑ Roldán de Montaud 1999, p. 246.
  2. 1 2 Decree of 1 April (1871), explanatory statement: "On the island of Cuba, the work of preparing electoral lists was hampered by the state of war that prevailed there and the necessary replacement of the electoral districts established by the decree—now law—of 14 December 1868, with new districts. [Spanish: En la isla de Cuba embarazaron los trabajos de formación de las listas electorales el estado de guerra que allí se sostiene y la precisa sustitución por nuevos distritos de las circunscripciones de elección establecidos por el decreto, hoy ley, de 14 de diciembre de 1868.]".
  3. 1 2 Law of 11 March (1873), art. 2
  4. ↑ Agreement of 11 February (1873) , art. 1
  5. ↑ Agreement of 11 February (1873) , art. 1
  6. 1 2 3 4 Law of 11 March (1873) , arts. 1 & 3
  7. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , art. 1.
  8. ↑ Ortega Álvarez & Santaolaya Machetti 1996, pp. 84–85.
  9. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, p. 1076.
  10. ↑ Regulation of 16 April (1873) , arts. 3–4.
  11. ↑ López Domínguez 1976, p. 291.
  12. ↑ Constitution (1869) , art. 65.
  13. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , arts. 108–112.
  14. ↑ Law of 1 January (II) (1871) , art. 1.
  15. ↑ Regulation of 16 April (1873) , arts. 46–47.
  16. ↑ Decree of 14 December (1868) , arts. 1–2 & demonstrative chart.
  17. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , arts. 130–132.
  18. ↑ Constitution (1869) , art. 66.
  19. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , arts. 4 & 12.
  20. ↑ Law of 1 January (I) (1871) , arts. 1–2.
  21. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , arts. 7–8.
  22. ↑ Regulation of 16 April (1873) , art. 32.
  23. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , arts. 13–14.
  24. ↑ Regulation of 16 April (1873) , art. 37.
  25. ↑ Law of 20 August (1870) , arts. 52–58, 71 & 115.
  26. ↑ Law of 11 March (1873) , art. 2
  27. ↑ BUCM 1997, pp. 370–371 & 400.
  28. ↑ Carreras de Odriozola & Tafunell Sambola 2005, pp. 1092–1093.
  29. ↑ López Domínguez 1976, pp. 306–309 & 736–743.
  30. ↑ Lozano, Carles. "Elecciones a Cortes de la República 10 de mayo de 1873". Historia Electoral.com (in Spanish). Retrieved 22 September 2025.

Bibliography

Legislation

Other

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