Lake County, South Dakota | |
|---|---|
| Lake County Courthouse | |
| Location within the U.S. state of South Dakota | |
| Coordinates: 44°01′N97°07′W / 44.02°N 97.12°W | |
| Country | |
| State | |
| Founded | 1873 |
| Seat | Madison |
| Largest city | Madison |
| Area | |
• Total | 575 sq mi (1,490 km2) |
| • Land | 563 sq mi (1,460 km2) |
| • Water | 12 sq mi (31 km2) 2.1% |
| Population (2020) | |
• Total | 11,059 |
• Estimate (2024) | 11,006 |
| • Density | 19.6/sq mi (7.58/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC−6 (Central) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−5 (CDT) |
| Congressional district | At-large |
| Website | www |
Lake County is a county in the U.S. state of South Dakota. As of the 2020 census, the population was 11,059. [1] Its county seat is Madison. [2] The county was formed in 1873. [3]
Lake County, South Dakota, was inhabited by the Sisseton Sioux when explorers, including Joseph Nicollet and John C. Fremont, first mapped the region in 1838–39 and noted its numerous lakes. [4] [5] The 1851 Treaty of Mendota with the Santee Sioux and 1858 Yankton Treaty opened the area for American settlement. [4] The 1857 rescue of Mrs. Marble from among the captives of the Spirit Lake Massacre brought early non-Sioux attention to the area. [4]
Permanent settlement began in 1870 when William Lee and Charles Walker established homesteads near Lake Madison, naming the town Madison after Madison, Wisconsin. [5] Lake County was created on January 8, 1873, named for its many lakes, and organized on September 1, 1873, with Old Madison as the county seat. [5] Brisk settlement followed in 1878 amidst the Dakota Boom, and the railroad’s arrival in 1881 spurred growth, with towns like Ramona, Wentworth, and Winfred emerging. [4] By 1880, the county’s population reached 2,657. [5]
Agriculture drove economic progress in the 1870s and 1880s, and Madison became a commercial hub with businesses like the Lake County Flouring Mill (opened 1881), newspapers such as the Madison Sentinel (1879), and the Madison Normal School (1883). [4]
The terrain of Lake County consists of rolling hills, with the area devoted to agriculture. A tributary of the East Fork Vermillion River flows south-southeastward through the lower western part of the county, and Buffalo Creek flows southeastward from the central part of the county, leaving the county near its southeast corner. [6] The terrain generally slopes to the south, although high points (ca. 1,814' ASL) are found on the north and south boundary lines and points between. [7]
Lake County has a total area of 575 square miles (1,490 km2), of which 563 square miles (1,460 km2) is land and 12 square miles (31 km2) (2.1%) is water. [8]
Source: [6]
Source: [6]
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 2,657 | — | |
| 1890 | 7,508 | 182.6% | |
| 1900 | 9,137 | 21.7% | |
| 1910 | 10,711 | 17.2% | |
| 1920 | 12,257 | 14.4% | |
| 1930 | 12,379 | 1.0% | |
| 1940 | 12,412 | 0.3% | |
| 1950 | 11,792 | −5.0% | |
| 1960 | 11,764 | −0.2% | |
| 1970 | 11,456 | −2.6% | |
| 1980 | 10,724 | −6.4% | |
| 1990 | 10,550 | −1.6% | |
| 2000 | 11,276 | 6.9% | |
| 2010 | 11,200 | −0.7% | |
| 2020 | 11,059 | −1.3% | |
| 2024 (est.) | 11,006 | [9] | −0.5% |
| U.S. Decennial Census [10] 1790–1960 [11] 1900–1990 [12] 1990–2000 [13] 2010–2020 [1] | |||
As of the 2020 census, there were 11,059 people, 4,576 households, and 2,804 families residing in the county. [14] Of the residents, 22.0% were under the age of 18 and 19.7% were 65 years of age or older; the median age was 40.0 years. For every 100 females there were 109.5 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 108.8 males. [14]
The population density was 19.6 inhabitants per square mile (7.6/km2). There were 5,658 housing units, of which 19.1% were vacant. Among occupied housing units, 71.2% were owner-occupied and 28.8% were renter-occupied. The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.8% and the rental vacancy rate was 12.5%. [14]
The racial makeup of the county was 91.7% White, 1.0% Black or African American, 1.2% American Indian and Alaska Native, 0.6% Asian, 1.6% from some other race, and 3.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino residents of any race comprised 5.5% of the population. [15]
Of the 4,576 households, 25.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them and 20.4% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. About 32.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. [14]
As of the 2010 census, there were 11,200 people, 4,483 households, and 2,814 families in the county. The population density was 19.9 inhabitants per square mile (7.7/km2). There were 5,559 housing units at an average density of 9.9 units per square mile (3.8 units/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.2% white, 0.7% Asian, 0.7% American Indian, 0.5% black or African American, 0.8% from other races, and 1.1% from two or more races. Those of Hispanic or Latino origin made up 1.6% of the population. In terms of ancestry, 50.7% were German, 20.6% were Norwegian, 12.4% were Irish, 6.6% were English, 6.2% were Dutch, 5.0% were Danish, and 5.0% were American.
Of the 4,483 households, 26.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.0% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, 37.2% were non-families, and 30.9% of all households were made up of individuals. The average household size was 2.30 and the average family size was 2.88. The median age was 39.9 years.
The median income for a household in the county was $45,606 and the median income for a family was $57,753. Males had a median income of $36,370 versus $25,898 for females. The per capita income for the county was $22,447. About 6.5% of families and 12.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.8% of those under age 18 and 8.8% of those age 65 or over.
Source: [6]
Lake County voters have voted for Republican Party candidates in 62 percent of national elections since 1964.
| Year | Republican | Democratic | Third party(ies) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | % | No. | % | No. | % | |
| 1892 | 742 | 43.47% | 196 | 11.48% | 769 | 45.05% |
| 1896 | 864 | 46.10% | 999 | 53.31% | 11 | 0.59% |
| 1900 | 1,172 | 55.57% | 901 | 42.72% | 36 | 1.71% |
| 1904 | 1,728 | 78.90% | 260 | 11.87% | 202 | 9.22% |
| 1908 | 1,415 | 65.60% | 636 | 29.49% | 106 | 4.91% |
| 1912 | 0 | 0.00% | 657 | 33.50% | 1,304 | 66.50% |
| 1916 | 1,398 | 55.04% | 1,027 | 40.43% | 115 | 4.53% |
| 1920 | 2,333 | 69.98% | 398 | 11.94% | 603 | 18.09% |
| 1924 | 1,888 | 45.35% | 297 | 7.13% | 1,978 | 47.51% |
| 1928 | 3,048 | 63.41% | 1,744 | 36.28% | 15 | 0.31% |
| 1932 | 2,222 | 41.09% | 3,090 | 57.15% | 95 | 1.76% |
| 1936 | 3,182 | 52.95% | 2,520 | 41.94% | 307 | 5.11% |
| 1940 | 4,179 | 68.87% | 1,889 | 31.13% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1944 | 2,956 | 65.70% | 1,543 | 34.30% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1948 | 2,837 | 56.95% | 2,093 | 42.01% | 52 | 1.04% |
| 1952 | 4,020 | 73.28% | 1,466 | 26.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1956 | 3,404 | 62.32% | 2,058 | 37.68% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1960 | 3,520 | 61.28% | 2,224 | 38.72% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1964 | 2,417 | 44.72% | 2,988 | 55.28% | 0 | 0.00% |
| 1968 | 2,876 | 53.68% | 2,294 | 42.81% | 188 | 3.51% |
| 1972 | 2,919 | 50.14% | 2,886 | 49.57% | 17 | 0.29% |
| 1976 | 2,530 | 46.20% | 2,930 | 53.51% | 16 | 0.29% |
| 1980 | 3,093 | 52.85% | 2,207 | 37.71% | 552 | 9.43% |
| 1984 | 3,027 | 55.92% | 2,367 | 43.73% | 19 | 0.35% |
| 1988 | 2,439 | 47.62% | 2,663 | 51.99% | 20 | 0.39% |
| 1992 | 1,890 | 33.81% | 2,388 | 42.72% | 1,312 | 23.47% |
| 1996 | 1,966 | 38.41% | 2,526 | 49.36% | 626 | 12.23% |
| 2000 | 2,724 | 52.85% | 2,331 | 45.23% | 99 | 1.92% |
| 2004 | 3,359 | 55.92% | 2,509 | 41.77% | 139 | 2.31% |
| 2008 | 2,993 | 48.61% | 3,033 | 49.26% | 131 | 2.13% |
| 2012 | 3,419 | 54.40% | 2,724 | 43.34% | 142 | 2.26% |
| 2016 | 4,038 | 59.50% | 2,314 | 34.10% | 434 | 6.40% |
| 2020 | 3,681 | 62.68% | 2,068 | 35.21% | 124 | 2.11% |
| 2024 | 3,819 | 64.66% | 1,978 | 33.49% | 109 | 1.85% |
School districts include: [18]
The Oldham-Ramona School District 39-5 and Rutland School District 39-4, in the county, [18] consolidated into ORR in 2023. [19]