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1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election

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1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election
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←  1811
April 6, 1812
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Nominee Caleb Strong Elbridge Gerry
Party Federalist Democratic-Republican
Popular vote52,69651,326
Percentage50.60%49.28%
1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election results map by county.svg
County results
Strong:      50–60%     60–70%
Gerry:      50–60%     60–70%
Governor before election

Elbridge Gerry
Democratic-Republican

Elected Governor

Caleb Strong
Federalist

The 1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election was held on April 6, 1812.

Contents

Incumbent Democratic-Republican Governor Elbridge Gerry was defeated by Federalist nominee Caleb Strong.

General election

Candidates

Results

1812 Massachusetts gubernatorial election [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Federalist Caleb Strong 52,696 50.60%
Democratic-Republican Elbridge Gerry (incumbent)51,32649.28%
Scattering1240.12%
Majority 1,3701.32%
Turnout 104,146
Federalist gain from Democratic-Republican Swing

Analysis

Although the Federalists in Massachusetts had successfully taken the house and the governor's seat from the Democratic-Republican party in the 1812 election cycle, these gains did not translate into control of the Massachusetts State Senate, which remained in the hands of the Democratic-Republicans. [9] The cause for this laid in new constitutionally mandated electoral district boundaries that the state had adopted prior to the election. The Republican-controlled legislature had created district boundaries designed to enhance their party's control over state and national offices, leading to some oddly shaped legislative districts. [10] Although Gerry was unhappy about the highly partisan districting (according to his son-in-law, he thought it "highly disagreeable"), he signed the legislation. The shape of one of the state senate districts in Essex County was compared to a salamander [11] by a local Federalist newspaper in a political cartoon, calling it a "Gerry-mander". [12] Ever since, the creation of such districts has been called gerrymandering. [10]

On May 30, 1812, Nathaniel Ames wrote in his diary that "Strong declared Governor by majority of 600! and not near so many as the illegal vote of Boston." [13] [a]

Notes

  1. ↑ In Ames' hometown of Dedham, voters cast 299 votes for Elbridge Gerry and 172 for Caleb Strong. [14] The Republicans gained 46 votes over the previous election but the Federalists gained 56. [14]

References

  1. ↑ Gubernatorial Elections, 1787-1997. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Inc. 1998. p. 57. ISBN   1-56802-396-0.
  2. ↑ Dubin, Michael J. (2003). United States Gubernatorial Elections, 1776-1860: The Official Results by State and County. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. p. xxv. ISBN   978-0-7864-1439-0.
  3. ↑ Glashan, Roy R. (1979). American Governors and Gubernatorial Elections, 1775-1978. Westport, CT: Meckler Books. pp. 140–141. ISBN   0-930466-17-9.
  4. ↑ Kallenbach, Joseph E.; Kallenbach, Jessamine S., eds. (1977). American State Governors, 1776-1976. Vol. I. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana Publications, Inc. p. 273. ISBN   0-379-00665-0.
  5. ↑ "Massachusetts 1812 Governor". Tufts Digital Collations and Archives. A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825. Tufts University . Retrieved November 11, 2021.
  6. ↑ Burdick, Charles (1814). The Massachusetts Manual: or Political and Historical Register, for the Political Year from June 1814 to June 1815. Vol. I. Boston: Charles Callender. p. 26.
  7. ↑ The Massachusetts Register and United States Calendar; for the Year of Our Lord 1814, &c., &c. Boston: John West & Co. 1814. p. 36.
  8. ↑ Hayward, John (1847). A Gazetteer of Massachusetts, &c., &c. Boston: John Hayward. p. 417.
  9. ↑ Griffith, Elmer (1907). The Rise and Development of the Gerrymander. Chicago: Scott, Foresman and Co. p.  72-73. OCLC   45790508.
  10. 1 2 Hart, Albert Bushnell, ed. (1927). Commonwealth History of Massachusetts. New York: The States History Company. p. 3:458. OCLC   1543273. (five volume history of Massachusetts until the early 20th century)
  11. ↑ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Gerry, Elbridge"  . Encyclopædia Britannica . Vol. 11 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 903–904.
  12. ↑ Billias, George (1976). Elbridge Gerry, Founding Father and Republican Statesman . McGraw-Hill Publishers. p. 317. ISBN   0-07-005269-7.
  13. ↑ Warren, Charles (1931). Jacobin and Junto: Or, Early American Politics as Viewed in the Diary of Dr. Nathaniel Ames, 1758-1822. Harvard University Press. p. 249.
  14. 1 2 Warren 1931, p. 248.


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