Voiced alveolar and dental plosives (or stops) are a type of consonantal sound used in many spokenlanguages. The alveolar is familiar to English-speakers as the "d" sound in "adore".
There are only a few languages that distinguish dental and alveolar stops (or often more precisely laminal and apical alveolar stops), among them Kota, Toda, Venda and some Irish dialects.
Features
Features of a voiced alveolar stop:
Its manner of articulation is occlusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with no nasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is a plosive.
There are three specific variants of [d]:
Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upper teeth, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectively apical and laminal.
Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
True alveolar in eastern dialects. But all Bengali speakers allophone of /d/ after and before denti-alveolar, alveolo-palatal and postalveolar /t̪,t̪ʰ,d̪,d̪ʱ,tɕ,tɕʰ,dʑ,dʑʱ,ʃ/. See Bengali phonology
To distinguish from the voiced dental and alveolar plosives, a voiced postalveolar plosive can be transcribed as ⟨d̠⟩. A more explicit (though convoluted) transcription ⟨d͇˗⟩, using a combination of extIPA and obsolete diacritics, can also be used.[31]
Varies between laminal denti-alveolar and alveolar, with the former being predominant.[43] May be an approximant in casual speech. See Swedish phonology
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