Mexico City is the capital and largest city of Mexico,and the most populous city in North America. Mexico City is one of the most important cultural and financial centers in the world. It is located in the Valley of Mexico within the high Mexican central plateau,at an altitude of 2,240 meters (7,350 ft). The city has 16 boroughs or demarcaciones territoriales,which are in turn divided into neighborhoods or colonias.
North America is a continent in the Northern and Western Hemispheres. North America is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean,to the east by the Atlantic Ocean,to the southeast by South America and the Caribbean Sea,and to the west and south by the Pacific Ocean. The region includes the Bahamas,Bermuda,Canada,the Caribbean,Central America,Clipperton Island,Greenland,Mexico,Saint Pierre and Miquelon,Turks and Caicos Islands,and the United States.
New Mexico is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States. It is one of the Mountain States of the southern Rocky Mountains,sharing the Four Corners region with Utah,Colorado,and Arizona. It also borders the state of Texas to the east and southeast,Oklahoma to the northeast,and shares an international border with the Mexican states of Chihuahua and Sonora to the south. New Mexico's largest city is Albuquerque,and its state capital is Santa Fe,the oldest state capital in the U.S.,founded in 1610 as the government seat of Nuevo México in New Spain.
Albuquerque,also known as ABQ,Burque,and the Duke City,is the most populous city in the U.S. state of New Mexico. Founded in 1706 as La Villa de Alburquerque by Santa Fe de Nuevo México governor Francisco Cuervo y Valdés,and named in honor of Francisco Fernández de la Cueva,10th Duke of Alburquerque and Viceroy of New Spain,it served as an outpost on El Camino Real linking Mexico City to the northernmost territories of New Spain.
The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that flourished in central Mexico in the post-classic period from 1300 to 1521. The Aztec people included different ethnic groups of central Mexico,particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th centuries. Aztec culture was organized into city-states (altepetl),some of which joined to form alliances,political confederations,or empires. The Aztec Empire was a confederation of three city-states established in 1427:Tenochtitlan,the capital city of the Mexica or Tenochca,Tetzcoco,and Tlacopan,previously part of the Tepanec empire,whose dominant power was Azcapotzalco. Although the term Aztecs is often narrowly restricted to the Mexica of Tenochtitlan,it is also broadly used to refer to Nahua polities or peoples of central Mexico in the prehispanic era,as well as the Spanish colonial era (1521–1821). The definitions of Aztec and Aztecs have long been the topic of scholarly discussion ever since German scientist Alexander von Humboldt established its common usage in the early 19th century.
New Spain,officially the Viceroyalty of New Spain,originally the Kingdom of New Spain,was an integral territorial entity of the Spanish Empire,established by Habsburg Spain. It was one of several domains established during the Spanish conquest of the Americas,and had its capital in Mexico City. Its jurisdiction comprised a large area of the southern and western portions of North America,mainly what became Mexico and the Southwestern United States,but also California,Florida and Louisiana;Central America,the Caribbean,and northern parts of South America;several Pacific archipelagos,including the Philippines and Guam. Additional Asian colonies included "Spanish Formosa",on the island of Taiwan.
Guadalajara is a city in western Mexico and the capital of the state of Jalisco. According to the 2020 census,the city has a population of 1,385,629 people,making it the 7th most populous city in Mexico,while the Guadalajara metropolitan area has a population of 5,268,642 people,making it the third-largest metropolitan area in the country and the twentieth largest metropolitan area in the Americas. Guadalajara has the second-highest population density in Mexico,with over 10,361 people per square kilometer. Within Mexico,Guadalajara is a center of business,arts and culture,technology and tourism;as well as the economic center of the Bajío region. It usually ranks among the 100 most productive and globally competitive cities in the world. It is home to numerous landmarks,including Guadalajara Cathedral,the Teatro Degollado,the Templo Expiatorio,the UNESCO World Heritage site Hospicio Cabañas,and the San Juan de Dios Market—the largest indoor market in Latin America.
The Tlatelolco massacre was a military massacre committed against the students of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM),the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN),and other universities in Mexico.
The Mexican Revolution was an extended sequence of armed regional conflicts in Mexico from 20 November 1910 to 1 December 1920. It has been called "the defining event of modern Mexican history" and resulted in the destruction of the Federal Army,its replacement by a revolutionary army,and the transformation of Mexican culture and government. The northern Constitutionalist faction prevailed on the battlefield and drafted the present-day Constitution of Mexico,which aimed to create a strong central government. Revolutionary generals held power from 1920 to 1940. The revolutionary conflict was primarily a civil war,but foreign powers,having important economic and strategic interests in Mexico,figured in the outcome of Mexico's power struggles;the U.S. involvement was particularly high. The conflict led to the deaths of around one million people,mostly noncombatants.
Magdalena Carmen Frida Kahlo y Calderón was a Mexican painter known for her many portraits,self-portraits,and works inspired by the nature and artifacts of Mexico. Inspired by the country's popular culture,she employed a naïve folk art style to explore questions of identity,postcolonialism,gender,class,and race in Mexican society. Her paintings often had strong autobiographical elements and mixed realism with fantasy. In addition to belonging to the post-revolutionary Mexicayotl movement,which sought to define a Mexican identity,Kahlo has been described as a surrealist or magical realist. She is also known for painting about her experience of chronic pain.
The North American Central Time Zone (CT) is a time zone in parts of Canada,the United States,Mexico,Central America,and some Caribbean islands.
The Battle of the Alamo was a pivotal event and military engagement in the Texas Revolution. Following a 13-day siege,Mexican troops under President General Antonio López de Santa Anna reclaimed the Alamo Mission near San Antonio de Béxar,killing most of the occupants. Santa Anna's refusal to take prisoners during the battle inspired many Texians and Tejanos to join the Texian Army. Motivated by a desire for revenge,as well as their written desire to preserve a border open to immigration and the importation and practice of slavery,the Texians defeated the Mexican Army at the Battle of San Jacinto,on April 21,1836,ending the conquering of the Mexican state of Coahuila y Tejas by the newly formed Republic of Texas.
The Mexico national football team represents Mexico in international football and is governed by the Mexican Football Federation. It competes as a member of CONCACAF.
Los Zetas was a Mexican criminal syndicate,known as one of the most dangerous of Mexico's drug cartels. They are known for engaging in brutally violent "shock and awe" tactics such as beheadings,torture,and indiscriminate murder. While primarily concerned with drug trafficking,the organization also ran profitable sex and gun rackets. Los Zetas also operated through protection rackets,assassinations,extortion,kidnappings and other illegal activities. The organization was based in Nuevo Laredo,Tamaulipas,directly across the border from Laredo,Texas. The origins of Los Zetas date back to the late 1990s,when commandos of the Mexican Army deserted their ranks and began working as the enforcement arm of the Gulf Cartel. In February 2010,Los Zetas broke away and formed their own criminal organization,rivalling the Gulf Cartel.
Mexico,officially the United Mexican States,is a country in the southern portion of North America. Covering 1,972,550 km2,it is the world's 13th largest country by area;with a population of almost 130 million,it is the 10th most populous country and has the most Spanish speakers in the world. Mexico is organized as a federal constitutional republic comprising 31 states and Mexico City,its capital and largest city,which is among the world's most populous metropolitan areas. The country shares land borders with the United States to the north,with Guatemala and Belize to the southeast;as well as maritime borders with the Pacific Ocean to the west,the Caribbean Sea to the southeast,and the Gulf of Mexico to the east.
Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera,commonly known as "El Chapo",is a Mexican former drug lord and a former leader within the Sinaloa Cartel. Guzmán is believed to be responsible for the deaths of over 34,000 people,and was considered to be the most powerful drug trafficker in the world until he was extradited to the United States and sentenced to life in prison.
The Mexican drug war is an ongoing asymmetric armed conflict between the Mexican government and various drug trafficking syndicates. When the Mexican military intervened in 2006,the government's main objective was to reduce drug-related violence. The Mexican government has asserted that their primary focus is dismantling the cartels and preventing drug trafficking. The conflict has been described as the Mexican theater of the global war on drugs,as led by the United States federal government.
The Sinaloa Cartel,also known as the Guzmán-Zambada Organization,the Federation,the Blood Alliance,or the Pacific Cartel,is a large,international organized crime syndicate based in the city of Culiacán,Sinaloa,Mexico that specializes in illegal drug trafficking and money laundering.
The Mexican–American War,also known in the United States as the Mexican War,and in Mexico as the United States intervention in Mexico,was an invasion of Mexico by the United States Army from 1846 to 1848. It followed the 1845 American annexation of Texas,which Mexico still considered its territory because it refused to recognize the Treaties of Velasco,signed by President Antonio López de Santa Anna after he was captured by the Texian Army during the 1836 Texas Revolution. The Republic of Texas was de facto an independent country,but most of its Anglo-American citizens who had moved from the United States to Texas after 1822 wanted to be annexed by the United States.
