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United States critical materials list

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The United States critical materials list is a designation of materials or minerals considered essential for the economic or national security of the United States, where there is a high risk of supply chain disruption. This list is established under the authority of the Energy Act of 2020, specifically Section 7002(a), which empowers the Secretary of Energy, in collaboration with the Secretary of the Interior, to identify critical materials. [1]

Contents

In the U.S., critical minerals that are at risk of shortage or supply chain disruption are assessed by the United States Geological Survey under the Secretary of the Interior and by the National Science and Technology Council. [2] [3] [4] [5]

The Defense Logistics Agency (DLA), part of the U.S. Department of Defense, is the primary agency responsible for analyzing, planning, procuring, and managing materials that are critical to national security. [6]

2023 Final Critical Materials List

The "Final 2023 Critical Materials List" was determined by the United States Department of Energy (DOE), [7] with the Undersecretary for Science and Innovation involvement. This list incorporates materials deemed critical for energy applications and minerals from the 2022 final list designated by the Department of the Interior through the United States Geological Survey (USGS). [8]

Critical Materials for Energy ("The Electric Eighteen")

The following materials were identified as critical for energy technology: [9]

Critical Minerals

The 2022 list from the Department of the Interior includes the following minerals: [8] [10]

Basis for listing

This designation is based on the DOE's 2023 Critical Materials Assessment, which evaluates materials for their criticality to global clean energy technology supply chains. Materials are considered "critical" or "near critical" based on their importance in energy technologies and potential supply risks. Notably, uranium is excluded from this list as per Section 7002(a) of the Energy Act of 2020, [11] which restricts the list to non-fuel materials, as uranium is classified as a fuel material when used in commercial nuclear reactors. [12]

2025 Final List of Critical Minerals

In November 2025, the Department of the Interior released the final 2025 List of Critical Minerals assessed by the U.S. Geological Survey. [13] It included ten new minerals—boron, copper, lead, metallurgical coal, phosphate, potash, rhenium, silicon, silver, and uranium. [14] The update of the list also reflects the broader minerals strategy to reduce reliance on imports from countries such as China. [15]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "What Are Critical Materials and Critical Minerals?". Energy.gov. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  2. ↑ Nassar, Nedal T.; Brainard, Jamie; Gulley, Andrew (2020). "Evaluating the mineral commodity supply risk of the U.S. manufacturing sector". Science Advances. 6 (8) eaay8647. Bibcode:2020SciA....6.8647N. doi:10.1126/sciadv.aay8647. ISSN   2375-2548. PMC   7035000 . PMID   32128413.
  3. ↑ Nassar, Nedal T.; Fortier, Steven M. (2021), "Methodology and technical input for the 2021 review and revision of the U.S. Critical Minerals List", Open-File Report, US Geological Survey, doi: 10.3133/ofr20211045 , ISSN   2331-1258, S2CID   235867435
  4. ↑ "National Minerals Information Center - U.S. Geological Survey". 2021-12-09. Retrieved 2022-01-30.
  5. ↑ U.S. National Science and Technology Council,Subcommittee on Critical and Strategic Mineral Supply Chains (2016). "Assessment of Critical Minerals: Screening Methodology and Initial Application" (PDF). Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  6. ↑ "DLA Strategic Materials". www.dla.mil. Archived from the original on 2025-04-30. Retrieved 2025-05-28.
  7. ↑ "U.S. Department of Energy Releases 2023 Critical Materials Assessment to Evaluate Supply Chain Security for Clean Energy Technologies". Energy.gov. July 31, 2023.
  8. 1 2 Staff Writer (2022-02-24). "2022 Final List of Critical Minerals". U.S. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior. Federal Register. pp. 10381–10382.
  9. ↑ "What Are Critical Materials and Critical Minerals?". Energy.gov. 2022-02-24. Retrieved 2024-12-22.
  10. ↑ Tal, Eran (2024-10-15). "Why is Silver Missing from U.S. Critical Materials Lists?". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2024-12-27.
  11. ↑ "Critical Mineral Resources: National Policy and Critical Minerals List" (PDF). Congressional Research Service. 2024-04-08.
  12. ↑ "What are Critical Minerals and Materials?". netl.doe.gov.
  13. ↑ "Interior Department releases final 2025 List of Critical Minerals | U.S. Department of the Interior". www.doi.gov. 2025-11-07. Retrieved 2025-11-10.
  14. ↑ "USGS officially adds copper, silver to critical minerals list". mining.com. November 6, 2025. Retrieved November 10, 2025.
  15. ↑ "US expands critical minerals list to include copper and metallurgical coal". Reuters . November 6, 2025.

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