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Union of Bukovina with Romania

Last updated January 28, 2026

The union of Bukovina with Romania was declared in 28 November 1918, being officially recognized by the international community in 1919 and 1920.

Timeline of events

1918

22 October - Constantin Isopescu-Grecul, a Bukovinian Romanian deputy in the Austrian Imperial Council, warns the authorities in Vienna that if they do not force Budapest to release Transylvania and other Romanian-inhabited areas from Hungary, then the Romanian subjects of the empire would have to look for outside help.^[1]
25 October - The Ukrainian National Committee for Bukovina is formed.^[1]
27 October - The Romanian National Council is formed under the leadership of Iancu Flondor.^[1]
3 November - The Ukrainian National Rada takes control of the state apparatus in Czernowitz and the surrounding area.^[2]
4 November - Aurel Onciul, a Romanian Bukovinian politician, concludes an agreement (not authorized by the Romanian National Council) with the Ukrainian National Committee providing for the division of Bukovina along ethnic lines and joint Romanian-Ukrainian control over Czernowitz (the capital of Bukovina).^[1]
6 November - The Ukrainian National Committee occupies all Government buildings in Czernowitz and Omelian Popowicz is proclaimed President of "Ukrainian Bukovina".^[3]
7 November - Iancu Flondor appeals to the Romanian Government to occupy the entire land of Bukovina.^[1]
9/10 November - Romania re-declares war on the Central Powers (the May 1918 Treaty of Bucharest put an end to the first Romanian Campaign).^[1]^[4]
10 November - The Ukrainian National Committee together with its military supporters retreat from Czernowitz.^[3]
11 November - Czernowitz (claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic) is seized by the Romanian Army.^[1]^[5]^[3]
12 November - The Romanian National Council establishes a new government in Bukovina under Flondor's presidency.^[1]
28 November - The Romanian National Council, together with Polish and German representatives, convokes the General Congress of Bukovina which requests the union of Bukovina with Romania.^[1]^[6]
19 December - The Romanian Government issues a decree formalizing Bukovina's annexation.^[1]

1919

10 September - The Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye is signed, recognizing Romanian sovereignty over Bukovina (the frontiers of Romania were to be later fixed).^[7]^[8]^[9]

1920

10 August - The Treaty of Sèvres established the Romanian-Polish boundary (mainly, based on the July 1919 Lwów Convention).^[8]^[10]

Aftermath

Since 2015, Bukovina Day is celebrated in Romania every 28 November to commemorate the union of the region with Romania.^[11]

Gallery

Bukovina within Austria-Hungary
Flag of Bukovina
Division of Bukovina (orange) as claimed by the West Ukrainian People's Republic (black interrupted line)
Ethnic map of Bukovina (purple = Romanians, green = Ukrainians)
Iancu Flondor

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, p. 446
↑ Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan, Wirth-Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2009, Western Ukraine in conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923, p. 54
1 2 3 Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963, Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 787
↑ Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, ABC-CLIO, 2005, World War I: A Student Encyclopedia, p. 361
↑ Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich, Scarecrow Press, 2013, Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, p. 749
↑ Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866-1947, p. 279
↑ Lawrence Martin (2007). The Treaties of Peace, 1919-1923. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 1091–. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3.
1 2 Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, John Benjamins Publishing, 2006, History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 2, p. 58
↑ Richard C. Hall, ABC-CLIO, 2014, War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia, p. 50
↑ Ciorteanu, Cezar (July 2014). "Politico-Territorial Projects concerning Bukovina and the Romanian-Polish Border in the Context of Diplomatic Negotiations during and after World War I (1914-1920)". Codrul Cosminului. XX (1): 113–148. ISSN 2067-5860 . Retrieved 25 December 2019.
↑ "Ziua Bucovinei". Agerpres (in Romanian). 25 November 2016.

External links

Virtual Museum of the Union

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[Robert_A._Kann_2017,_p._446-1] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Robert A. Kann, Zdenek David, University of Washington Press, 2017, Peoples of the Eastern Habsburg Lands, 1526-1918, p. 446

[2] Vasyl Kuchabsky, Gus Fagan, Wirth-Institute for Austrian and Central European Studies, Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press, 2009, Western Ukraine in conflict with Poland and Bolshevism, 1918-1923, p. 54

[Volodymyr_Kubiĭovych_1963,_p._787-3] 1 2 3 Volodymyr Kubiĭovych, Ukrainian National Association, 1963, Ukraine, a Concise Encyclopedia, Volume 1, p. 787

[4] Spencer Tucker, Priscilla Mary Roberts, ABC-CLIO, 2005, World War I: A Student Encyclopedia, p. 361

[5] Ivan Katchanovski, Zenon E. Kohut, Bohdan Y. Nebesio, Myroslav Yurkevich, Scarecrow Press, 2013, Historical Dictionary of Ukraine, p. 749

[6] Keith Hitchins, Clarendon Press, 1994, Rumania 1866-1947, p. 279

[Martin2007-7] Lawrence Martin (2007). The Treaties of Peace, 1919-1923. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 1091–. ISBN 978-1-58477-708-3.

[Cornis-Pope-8] 1 2 Marcel Cornis-Pope, John Neubauer, John Benjamins Publishing, 2006, History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries, Volume 2, p. 58

[9] Richard C. Hall, ABC-CLIO, 2014, War in the Balkans: An Encyclopedic History from the Fall of the Ottoman Empire to the Breakup of Yugoslavia, p. 50

[Ciorteanu-10] Ciorteanu, Cezar (July 2014). "Politico-Territorial Projects concerning Bukovina and the Romanian-Polish Border in the Context of Diplomatic Negotiations during and after World War I (1914-1920)". Codrul Cosminului. XX (1): 113–148. ISSN 2067-5860 . Retrieved 25 December 2019.

[11] "Ziua Bucovinei". Agerpres (in Romanian). 25 November 2016.

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