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Timeline of Portuguese history (Third Dynasty)

Last updated December 12, 2025

1580
- Invasion of Portugal by a Spanish army commanded by Fernando Álvarez de Toledo, Duke of Alba.
- Battle of Alcântara between Portuguese and Spanish forces.
- The Fortress of St. Julian, in Lisbon, surrenders to the Spanish.
- Anthony of Portugal , the Prior of Crato, is acclaimed King of Portugal in Santarém.^[1]
- Death of Luís de Camões, Portugal's national poet.
- Beginning of the Cortes (General Assembly of the Kingdom) of Tomar.
1581
- Philip II of Spain is acclaimed in the Cortes of Tomar as King Philip I of Portugal in a personal union of the Crowns. Portugal loses de facto independence to Spain.
- Anthony of Portugal, the Prior of Crato, takes refuge in England.
- The Azores refuse to recognize Philip I of Portugal as King.
1582
- The Spanish Fleet of Santa Cruz defeats the Portuguese-French Fleet of Strozzi in the Azores.
- Introduction of the Gregorian Calendar in Portugal.
1583
- Cortes in Lisbon.
- King Philip I of Portugal departs for Madrid and leaves the government of Portugal with Portuguese trustees.
- The Azores are submitted.
- Francis Drake attacks Portuguese Brazil.
1589 – Anthony of Portugal, the Prior of Crato, attacks Lisbon with English aid, but with no success.
1595 – Anthony of Portugal, the Prior of Crato, dies in Paris.
1598 – Philip III of Spain becomes Philip II of Portugal.

↑ Martin, Colin; Parker, Geoffrey (1999). The Spanish Armada: Revised Edition. Manchester University Press. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-901341-14-0 . Retrieved 13 October 2025.