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Sam
Sam
Songum
Native to	Papua New Guinea
Region	Madang Province
Native speakers	700 (2003)
Language family	Trans–New Guinea? Madang Mindjim Sam; ; ;
Language codes
ISO 639-3	snx
Glottolog	samm1244

Sam language

Last updated January 02, 2026

Sam, or Songum, is a Madang language spoken in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea.

Phonology

Consonants

	Bilabial	Alveolar	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Plosive	p b	t d		k ɡ	ʔ <x>
Nasal	m	n	ɲ <ɳ>	ŋ
Trill		r <rr>
Tap/flap		ɾ <r>
Fricative		s			h
Approximant			j <y>
Lateral approx.		l

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i		u
Mid	e		o
Open		a

References

1 2 Sam at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
↑ United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.

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[e25-1] 1 2 Sam at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)

[UN-PNG-2] United Nations in Papua New Guinea (2018). "Papua New Guinea Village Coordinates Lookup". Humanitarian Data Exchange. 1.31.9.

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