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Pedilanthus

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Euphorbia sect. Crepidaria
Pedilanthus tithymaloides dsc03712.jpg
Euphorbia tithymaloides
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Euphorbiaceae
Genus: Euphorbia
Subgenus: Euphorbia
Section: Euphorbia sect. Crepidaria
(Haw.) Baill. [1]
Species

Pedilanthus, the slipper spurges, [2] [3] was a plant genus of the family Euphorbiaceae, now subsumed into the genus Euphorbia [2] on the basis of phylogenic analysis in the early 2000s. [4] The former genus is now referred to as the Pedilanthus clade [2] [3] or as Euphorbia sect. Crepidaria. [2] It includes 15 species, 14 of which are restricted to Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean. Only one species ( E. tithymaloides ) has a wide distribution, from the Florida to the West Indies and South America, and cultivated in all tropical regions with several cultivars. [4]

Contents

Description and habitats

Euphorbia bracteata flowers Pedilanthus bracteatus bright.jpg
Euphorbia bracteata flowers

Pedilanthus is distinguished from other Euphorbia by its inflorescence, a spurred cyathia with fused styles and with it glands hidden within a nectar spur [4] inspiring the common names of slipper spurge, slipper flower or slipper plant. Unlike other Euphorbia, members of this clade are mostly hummingbird pollinated. [5]

Species of this clade occupy a remarkably wide range of habitats and life forms. [5] Most of them, like E. tithymaloides , are small leafy shrubs found in the tropical dry forests of Mexico and the Caribbean. E. calcarata is a small woody tree of the tropical dry forests, E. cymbifera and E. lomelii are on the contrary almost leafless stem succulents. E. finkii  [ es ] is found in Mexico's moist forests.

Cacho et al. divide the clade into four subclades: a xeric subclade, with succulent shrubs of tropical deciduous forest, scrub or desert; a mesic subclade which includes all five species that inhabit mesic forests except E. finkii which forms its own subclade; and E. personata and E. tithymaloides with its subspecies which to together make up the fourth subclade. [5]

Pedianthus are widely cultivated as a ornamental plants as hedges and in gardens in the tropics and subtropics. [6]

Synonyms

Species and subspecies

The former genus Pedilanthus consists of: [4]

References

  1. ↑ Dorsey, Brian L.; Haevermans, Thomas; Aubriot, Xavier; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E. (2013-04-20). "Phylogenetics, morphological evolution, and classification of Euphorbia subgenus Euphorbia". Taxon. 62 (2): 291–315. Bibcode:2013Taxon..62..291D. doi:10.12705/622.1. hdl: 2027.42/146962 . S2CID   87352157.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Horn, James W.; van Ee, Benjamin W.; Morawetz, Jeffery J.; Riina, Ricarda; Steinmann, Victor W.; Berry, Paul E.; Wurdack, Kenneth J. (May 2012). "Phylogenetics and the evolution of major structural characters in the giant genus Euphorbia L. (Euphorbiaceae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 63 (2): 305–326. Bibcode:2012MolPE..63..305H. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.12.022. hdl: 10261/169091 . ISSN   1095-9513. PMID   22273597. S2CID   22055432.
  3. 1 2 Olson, Mark E.; Lomelí S., José A.; Cacho, N. Ivalú (2005). "Extinction threat in the Pedilanthus clade (Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae), with special reference to the recently rediscovered E. conzattii (P. pulchellus)". American Journal of Botany. 92 (4): 634–641. doi:10.3732/ajb.92.4.634. ISSN   0002-9122. PMID   21652441.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Steinmann, V. W. (2003). "The submersion of Pedilanthus into Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae)" (PDF). Acta Botanica Mexicana. 65: 45–50.
  5. 1 2 3 Cacho, N. I.; Berry, P. E.; Olson, M. E.; Steinmann, V. W.; Baum, D. A. (2010). "Are spurred cyathia a key innovation? Molecular systematics and trait evolution in the slipper spurges (Pedilanthus clade: Euphorbia, Euphorbiaceae)". American Journal of Botany. 97 (3): 493–510.
  6. ↑ Dressler, Robert L. (1957). "The Genus Pedilanthus (Euphorbiaceae)". Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University (182): 1–188.
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