Green politics – political ideology that aims for the creation of an ecologically sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, social liberalism, and grassroots democracy.[1] It began taking shape in the western world in the 1970s; since then Green parties have developed and established themselves in many countries across the globe, and have achieved some electoral success.
Alter-globalization movement– Advocacy for globalization models prioritizing human rights, environment, and fairnessPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Rewilding (anarchism)– Anarchist critique of civilizationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Communalism (Bookchin)– American social theorist (1921–2006)Pages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets, proposed that communities manage affairs using popular assemblies
Eco-communalism– International policy development bodyPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Bioregional democracy– Philosophy advocating governance and culture based on ecological and geographic regionsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Inclusive Democracy – Involves the equal distribution of power at all levels
Georgism– Economic philosophy centered on common ownership of land
Geolibertarianism– Political and economic ideology integrating libertarianism with Georgism
Policy issues
A few issues affect most of the green parties around the world, and can often inhibit global cooperation. Some affect structure, and others affect policy:
Anti-nuclear– Movement opposing nuclear energy and weapons due to environmental and safety concernsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Bioregionalism– Philosophy advocating governance and culture based on ecological and geographic regions
Biosafety– Prevention of large-scale loss of biological integrity
Biosecurity– Preventive measures designed to reduce the risk of infectious disease transmission
On matters of ecology, extinction, biosafety, biosecurity, and health security, "Greens" generally agree. There are very substantial policy differences between and among Green Parties in various countries and cultures, and a continuing debate about the degree to which natural ecology and human needs align. Agreement on particular issues is often reached using a consensus decision making process.
The European Federation of Green Parties formed itself as the European Green Party on 22 February 2004, in the run-up to European Parliament elections in June, 2004, a further step in trans-national integration.
Red-green alliance– Political alliance between socialists or social democrats and greens or agrariansPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Teal Deal– Alliance between two political parties of New Zealand
Notable persons
Who attained a seat or government position
Americas
Ingrid Betancourt – Colombia; presidency candidate 2002, kidnapped 2002–2008
Sergio Fajardo – Colombia, ex mayor of Medellin and presidential candidate of 2018
Claudia López – Colombia, first woman and LGBTQ+ mayor of bogota
Elizabeth May – Canada; current leader of the Green Party of Canada and first Green member of the Canadian Parliament
Jill Stein – USA; US Green Party's Presidential Candidate for 2012, 2016, and 2024, held a local position in Lexington until 2010
Jason West – USA; former mayor of New Paltz, New York and same-sex marriage activist
Blair Wilson – Canada; former liberal member of the Canadian Parliament, later became member of the Green Party
Fritz Kuhn – Germany; former chair of German Green's parliamentary group 2005-2009 and first Green mayor of Stuttgart since 2012
Renate Künast – Germany; German Minister of Consumer Protection, Food and Agriculture 2001-2005 and chair of the German Green's parliamentary group 2005–2013
Brice Lalonde – France; French Minister of the Environment 1991-1992 and founder of the green party Génération Ecologie
Alain Lipietz – France; Green engineer and economist; member of the European Parliament 1999–2009
Caroline Lucas – United Kingdom; co-leader of the Green Party of England and Wales 2016–Present and first Green member of the Houses of Commons since 2010
Ulrike Lunacek – Austria; Vice President of the European Parliament since 2014
Noël Mamère – France; Green Party's presidential candidate 2002 and former member of the European Parliament
Robert Cramer – Switzerland; Green representative in the Swiss Council of States
Åsa Romson – Sweden; Swedish Minister for the Environment and Deputy Prime Minister since 2014
Paul Rosenmöller – Netherlands; leader of the Dutch GreenLeft Party 1994–2002
Claudia Roth – Germany; German Green Party leader from 2004 to 2013 and Vice President of the Bundestag since 2013
Otto Schily – Germany; German Interior Minister 1998–2005; later switched to SPD
Bart Staes – Belgium; Green member of the European Parliament since 1999
Jaromír Štětina – Czech Republic; Green Senator 2004-2014 and member of the European parliament since 2014
Jürgen Trittin – Germany; German Minister for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety 1998-2005 and chair of the Green parliamentary group 2009–2013
Alexander Van der Bellen – Austria; leader of the Austrian Green Party 1997–2008; President of Austria since 2017, making him the second green head of state worldwide, the first directly elected by popular vote
Raimonds Vējonis – Latvia; President of Latvia since 2015, making him the first green head of state worldwide
Others
Bob Brown – Australia; former leader of the Australian Greens and Senator 1996–2012
Hilda Heine– President of the Marshall Islands (2016–2020; 2024–present)
Green on the outside but red on the inside– Ideology merging aspects of socialism with green politics, ecology and alter-globalizationPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Activism– Efforts to make change in society toward a perceived greater good
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