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Oriental Orthodox theology refers to the theological studies of God, Jesus, Mary and other Christian teachings within the context of the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and broader Oriental Orthodox tradition. The Oriental Orthodox adhere to the faith and tenets set out by the Nicene Creed and the ecumenical councils of Nicaea, Constantinople and Ephesus; the Church Fathers, and other traditions.
Oriental Orthodox Christians believe in a monotheistic concept of God. In common with the remainder of Nicene Christianity, Trinitarianism is upheld throughout Oriental Orthodoxy. [1] : 49
The main historical theological difference between Oriental Orthodoxy and the other Christian traditions is its Christology. Oriental Orthodox theology teaches that Christ's divinity and humanity united, becoming a single incarnate nature that is fully divine and fully human. [2] This view is known as Miaphysitism. [3]
The seven sacraments of baptism, chrismation, the Eucharist, penance and confession, anointing of the sick, holy orders, and marriage are held in Oriental Orthodoxy. [1] : 79 The sacraments or mysterion "can be defined as the main task of the Church in which Christ dispenses Himself to the congregation." This understanding is viewed as a combination of Augustine of Hippo and Gregory of Nyssa's teachings. [1] : 79
The sacrament of baptism is performed by both immersion and sprinkling; [1] : 82 the ordained are considered "participants in the one priesthood of Christ" and "When a man is selected to become a member of the diaconate, priesthood or bishopric, he officiates sacraments not on account of a priesthood intrinsic to him but rather as one who derives his functionality from his participation in the priesthood of Christ." [1] : 90 Oriental Orthodox tradition accepts baptisms and ordinations from the Catholic and Eastern Orthodox churches, and considers their understanding of sacramental character "the middle path forged by Basil the Great." [1] : 70–78