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List of victims and survivors of Auschwitz

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This is a list of notable victims and survivors of the Auschwitz concentration camp; that is, victims and survivors about whom a significant amount of independent secondary sourcing exists. This list represents only a very small portion of the 1.1 million victims and survivors of Auschwitz and is not intended to be viewed as a representative or exhaustive count by any means.

Contents

Victims

Male victims are signified by a  Pale Turquoise  background. Female victims are signified by a Light Pink  background.

Survivors

Name#BornDiedAgeEthnicityImprisonedNotability
George Able [26] Met Annetta Helbrun when both were assigned to a commando loading corpses. Later married Annetta in 1948.
Magda Ádám October 15, 1925January 27, 201791JewishHistorian. Except for 2 sisters, family was murdered
Vera Alexander [49] JewishWitnessed crimes committed by Irma Grese.
Karel Ančerl [50] April 11, 1908July 3, 197365JewishOctober 15, 1944Conductor. Josef Mengele was about to send Ančerl to the gas chamber, but a weakened Pavel Haas, who stood next to him, began to cough and the death sentence was therefore chosen for him instead. Helped to organize cultural life in Theresienstadt concentration camp.
Yehuda Bacon July 28, 1929Alive96JewishDecember 1943
– January 18, 1945		Artist. Sent on the death march. His father was gassed in June 1944; his mother and his sister Hanna were deported to Stutthof concentration camp, where they died a few weeks before its liberation.
Władysław Bartoszewski 4427February 19, 1922April 24, 201593PolishSeptember 22, 1940
– April 8, 1941		Member of Armia Krajowa. Released from camp due to actions by Polish Red Cross. Minister of Foreign Affairs of Poland (twice) after 1989.
Eugeniusz Bendera [51] 85021 January 19217 July 198867Ukrainian– June 20, 1942Auto mechanic, from Chortkiv. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz. [52] [51]
Jerzy Bielecki 24328 March 1921October 20, 201190PolishPolitical prisoner. Suffered hanging torture (arms hung behind back).
Tadeusz Borowski November 12, 1922July 1, 195128Polish1943–late 1944Writer. Transferred to Natzweiler-Struthof, then to Dachau concentration camp; committed suicide after the war.
George Brady February 9, 1928January 11, 201998JewishOctober 23, 1944
– January 18, 1945		Plumber. Sent on the death march; escaped when a Soviet tank blew a hole in the building he was in. His mother, father and sister Hana were gassed at the camp.
Boris Braun [53] [54] [55] August 20, 1920January 11, 2019105Jewish1943
– January 17, 1945		University professor. His mother and father were killed during the Holocaust. Sent on the death march.
Libuša Breder [49] JewishWorked in the "Canada" sector of the camp. Witnessed rapes of women by the camp's officers.
Eva Brewster December 28, 1922December 3, 200481Jewish (German)April 1943
– January 1945		Author of Vanished in Darkness – An Auschwitz Memoir.
Stefania Budniak 72307July 12, 1912July 16, 198270PolishDecember 19, 1943 – August 1944Member of the Polish resistance, sentenced to Auschwitz in her husband's place. She was transferred to Ravensbrück, then to Helmsbrecht (55131), and finally Zwodau and liberated on May 7, 1945.
Thomas Buergenthal May 11, 1934May 29, 202391JewishHuman rights champion, former judge of the International Court of Justice, author of A Lucky Child , interned at Auschwitz-Birkenau and Sachsenhausen.
Alice Lok Cahana [56] February 7, 1929November 28, 201788Jewish1944Deported from Sárvár. Abstract painter.
Helena Citrónová [49] 26 August 19224 June 200784Jewish26 March 1942 - January 27, 1945Worked in the "Canada" sector of the camp. An SS officer, Franz Wunch, fell in love with her. As a result, Wunch would later save Helena's sister from the gas chambers, although her sister's son and daughter could not be saved.
Józef Cyrankiewicz 62933April 23, 1911January 20, 198977PolishSeptember 4, 1942
– ?		Later Prime Minister of Poland and Chairman of the Polish Council of State.
Ryszard Dacko [49] PolishPolitical prisoner.
Bat-Sheva Dagan 45554September 8, 1925January 25, 202498JewishMay 1943
– January 1945		Kindergarten teacher, psychologist, author. Worked in camp infirmary and in the "Canada" commando. Survived death march to Ravensbrück and Malchow concentration camps in January 1945, and death march to Lübz, where she was liberated on May 2, 1945. [57]
Alex Dekel [58] Served under Josef Mengele as his subject, witnessing many of Mengele's human medical experiments.
Yehiel De-Nur 135633May 16, 1909July 17, 200192JewishWriter.
Robert Desnos July 4, 1900June 8, 194544FrenchFrench surrealist poet. Died of typhoid in Theresienstadt.
Lucille Eichengreen [34] February 1, 1925February 7, 2020101JewishAugust 1943
– October 1944		From Hamburg. Deported to Łódź Ghetto on October 26, 1941, where she was molested by Mordechai Chaim Rumkowski. Remained there for two years until deported to Auschwitz. Transferred to Neuengamme concentration camp.
Anna Eilenberg-Eibeshitz November 5, 1923102JewishAuthor
Eliezer Einsenschmidt [56] 1920AliveJewish
Renée Firestone [59] April 13, 1924AliveJewishHer sister was killed at the camp during medical experiments.
Anne Frank June 12, 1929February or March 194515Jewish (German)September 3, 1944
– October 28, 1944		Teenage diarist from Amsterdam, held 7 weeks at Auschwitz, transferred to Bergen-Belsen where she died of Typhus.
Gyuri Frankfurter [60] JewishOne of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Berettyóújfalu. Emigrated to United States in 1947, name changed to "George".
Laci Frankfurter [60] JewishOne of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Berettyóújfalu. Emigrated to United States in 1947, name changed to "Leslie".
Tova Friedman A27633September 10, 1938Alive87JewishFriedman is among the youngest people to survive the Nazi Holocaust [61]
Dario Gabbai [62] 182,568September 2, 1922March 25, 2020Jewish (Greece)April 1944
– January 18, 1945		Member of Sonderkommando . Family was killed at the camp. Sent on the death march.
Peter Greenfeld [63] A-24591940AliveJewish1944
– January 27, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Known at the camp as "Josef "Peipchek" Klineman". Born in Prague.
Stanislaw Hantz [56] 22 January 192317 July 200880PolishPolitical prisoner.
Annetta Helbrun [26] February 4, 1924AliveJewishDecember 1943
– January 18, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Subotica, lived in Prague until 1939. Escaped on the death march.
Stephanie Helbrun [26] February 4, 1924AliveJewishDecember 1943
– January 18, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Subotica, lived in Prague until 1939. Escaped on the death march. Their parents and sister were killed in various camps.
Eugeniusz Hejka 608October 16, 1918200990PolishJune 14, 1940
– November 1940		Polish-Catholic soldier punished as an eleventh for escape of Tadeusz Wiejowski, survived.
Stanisław Gustaw Jaster [51] 6438January 1, 1921July 12, 194322Polish– June 20, 1942Veteran of Invasion of Poland in rank of first lieutenant, from Warsaw. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz. [52] [51]
Wieslaw Kielar August 12, 1912June 1, 199077Polish (non-Jewish) [64] Author of the autobiographical novel Anus Mundi: 5 Years in Auschwitz.
Martha Klineman [63] A-49311940Jewish1944
– January 27, 1945		Peter's twin. One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Prague.
Eva Mozes Kor [49] [65] A7063January 31, 1935July 4, 201984Jewish1944
– January 27, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Both of her parents and two older sisters were killed at the camp; only Miriam and herself survived. Founder of CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center.
Anton Korêk March 29, 1927Alive98JewishOctober 1943
– January, 1945		Carpenter. His brother was gassed in December 1943. His parents were tortured to death during the Holocaust. [66]
August Kowalczyk [62] August 15, 1921July 29, 201290PolishPolitical prisoner.
Vera Kriegel [65] One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
Jona Laks [65] A277001930AliveJewish (Polish)August 1944
– May 8, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Sent on the death march with her twin sister Miriam (A27725).
Józef Lempart [51] 34191916Polish– June 20, 1942Priest, from Wadowice. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz. [52] [51]
Primo Levi 174517July 31, 1919April 11, 198767Jewish (Italian)February 21, 1944
– January 18, 1945		Was an Italian Jewish chemist and writer. He was the author of several books, novels, collections of short stories, essays, and poems.
Helen Lewis June 22, 1916December 31, 200993JewishMay 1944
– January 1945		Dancer who trained in Prague. Left Auschwitz on a forced march to Stutthof concentration camp in January 1945. [67]
Henryk Mandelbaum [56] 181970December 15, 1922June 17, 200885JewishApril 22, 1944
– January 18, 1945		Part of Sonderkommando. Fled on a death march.
Ibi Mann [56] October 24, 1924Jewish
Józef Mikusz [34] PolishPolitical prisoner.
Miriam Mozes [65] A7064January 31, 1935June 6, 199358Jewish1944
– January 27, 1945		Eva's twin sister. One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Mengele injected Miriam with a chemical that stopped the growth of her kidneys; later, Eva donated one of her kidneys.
Miklós Nyiszli [49] June 17, 1901May 5, 195654JewishJune 1944
– January 18, 1945		Prisoner, and doctor (pathologist) who served Josef Mengele. Sent on the death march.
Józef Paczyński [62] 121January 20, 1920April 26, 201595PolishJune 1940
– January 18, 1945		Political prisoner. About every 1 1/2 weeks, he was ordered to cut the hair of the camp's commanding officer, Rudolf Höss. Personally witnessed gassings from nearby. [34]
Gisella Perl [31] [68] 25404December 10, 1907December 16, 198881Jewish1944Gynecologist. Forced to be an inmate doctor. Saved the lives of hundreds of pregnant women by aborting their pregnancies (pregnant women were often killed for experiments by Josef Mengele). Wrote one of the earliest first-person accounts of life in Auschwitz in her 1948 book, I Was a Doctor in Auschwitz.
Kazimierz Piechowski [62] 918October 3, 1919December 15, 201798PolishJune 20, 1940
– June 20, 1942		Imprisoned because the boy scouts were labeled a criminal organization. Deported to camp on second transport from Tarnów. On June 20, 1942, he escaped from Auschwitz I along with 3 other prisoners. [52] [51]
Witold Pilecki 4859May 13, 1901May 25, 194847PolishSeptember 22, 1940
– April 26, 1943		Soldier and secret agent ("Tomasz Serafiński"). He volunteered to be imprisoned at Auschwitz (the only person known to do so) for a Polish resistance operation in order to gather intelligence and escape. As the author of the Witold's report, the first intelligence report on Auschwitz, his operation enabled the Polish government-in-exile to convince the Allies that the Holocaust was taking place. Later executed by communists.
Samuel Pisar [69] [70] March 18, 1929July 27, 201586JewishLawyer, writer. His parents and younger sister Frieda were killed during the war. Transferred to Dachau concentration camp. Escaped during a death march. [69]
Otto Pressburger [34] JewishFrom Trnava. Forced to dig mass graves and exhume corpses. His mother and father were killed at the camp.
Pearl Pufeles [65] One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
Helen Rappaport [65] One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
Ephraim Reichenberg [65] JewishOne of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments.
Franz Rosenbach [56] 1927201285RomanianSurvived because he was transferred to another camp. His mother was killed at the camp.
Tadeusz Rybacki [49] PolishPolitical prisoner. Served as a waiter at the SS canteen in the camp.
Lipot Salomon [71] A-57231923 or 1924April 19, 196540JewishMay 28, 1944
– January 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Turţ. First deported to Vynohradiv ghetto on April 14, 1944.
Dezo Salomon [71] A-57241923 or 1924April 22, 199671JewishMay 28, 1944
– January 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. Born in Turţ. First deported to Vynohradiv ghetto on April 14, 1944.
Kazimierz Smoleń [62] 1327April 19, 1920January 27, 201291PolishJuly 1940– January 18, 1945Political prisoner. Sent on the death march.
Sigmund Sobolewski 88May 11, 1923August 7, 201794PolishJune 14, 1940
– November 7, 1944		Immortalized in the book Prisoner 88: The Man in Stripes.
Lale Sokolov 324071916October 31, 200690JewishApril 23, 1942 –Camp Tätowierer (tattooist)
Peter Somogyi [72] A-17454April 14, 1933AliveJewishJuly 9, 1944
– January 27, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Pécs. Their mother and older sister (14 years) were gassed at Auschwitz at arrival.
Thomas Somogyi [72] A-17455April 14, 1933AliveJewishJuly 9, 1944
– January 27, 1945		One of the "Mengele twins" who was selected and used for involuntary medical experiments. From Pécs.
Zvi Ernst Spiegel [72] 1915199378– January 27, 1945Assigned to supervise twins used in the medical experiments of Josef Mengele. Saved children from the gas chamber on several occasions. After the camp's liberation, he took 157 Mengele twins and homeless children to safety in Hungary. 29 years old in 1944.
Pavel Stenkin [34] RussianPrisoner of war.
Władysław Szmyt [56] March 20, 1924AlivePolishPolitical prisoner.
Morris Venezia [56] February 25, 1921September 2, 201392JewishApril 11, 1944
– ?		Part of the Sonderkommando. "Watch Full Testimony" on YouTube
Silvia Veselá [34] Jewish1942Deported from holding camp near Bratislava.
Eva Votavová [34] JewishJuly 1942
Rudolf Vrba [73] 44070September 11, 1924March 27, 200681JewishJune 30, 1942
– April 7, 1944		Scientist. Escaped from the camp. Co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report, delivered to the Allies, which saved the lives of an estimated 120 to 200 thousand Jews. Testified against Adolf Eichmann at Eichmann's trial.
Alfréd Wetzler [73] 29162May 10, 1918February 8, 198869Jewish1942
– April 7, 1944		Escaped from the camp. Co-author of the Vrba-Wetzler report, delivered to the Allies, which saved the lives of an estimated 120 to 200 thousand Jews.
Ingeborg Weiss June 22, 1922October 21, 2004811944Dancer and choreographer. She was Deported to Auschwitz in 1944 and later to Bergen-Belsen, where she contracted typhoid, but recovered.
Elie Wiesel [56] A-7713September 30, 1928July 2, 201687JewishMay 17, 1944
– January 1945		Writer, professor, political activist, Nobel Peace Prize winner (1986). His mother and younger sister are gassed immediately. Transferred to Buchenwald concentration camp, where Wiesel's father, Shlomo, was beaten [74] and killed. [75] Two older sisters, Hilda and Beatrice, survive.
Eddy de Wind 27903February 6, 1916September 27, 198771Jewish1943
– January 1945		Psychiatrist, psychoanalyst and author who served as a "haftling" doctor in the Auschwitz main camp. He coined the phrase 'concentration camp syndrome', now more generally referred to as 'survivor's guilt' and 'post-traumatic stress disorder'. [76] His memoir, ‘Last Stop Auschwitz’ is the only survivor testimony written in Auschwitz.

See also

References

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  19. 1 2 3 4 Heilman, Anna, Sheldon Schwartz (ed.). Never Far Away: The Auschwitz Chronicles of Anna Heilman, Calgary, AB: University of Calgary Press, 2001. ISBN   978-1-55238-040-6 p. 143
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  23. ↑ Snješka Knežević (2011 , p. 31)
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  35. ↑ Wapiński 1980, 259.
  36. ↑ Otto Selz, German psychologist February 14 in History at http://www.brainyhistory.com
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  48. ↑ Heffernan, Conor (November 20, 2014). "Hakoah Wien and Muscular Judaism". Physical Culture Study.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 4, Corruption.
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  52. 1 2 3 4 Auschwitz chronicle 1939–1945 By Danuta Czech Publisher: I B Tauris & Co Ltd (November 1990) ISBN   978-1-85043-291-3 ISBN   978-1-85043-291-3
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  59. ↑ The Last Days (1998).
  60. 1 2 "Survivors". CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center. January 29, 1985. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  61. ↑ "Kinderlager: Reflections of a Child Holocaust Survivor". Calvin.edu . Archived from the original on 28 January 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2018.
  62. 1 2 3 4 5 BBC History of World War II. Auschwitz; Inside the Nazi State. Part 1, Surprising Beginnings.
  63. 1 2 "Survivors". CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  64. ↑ Webster, Richard (2012). "Life in the Death Camp". RichardWebster.net. Archived from the original on November 21, 2002.
  65. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Forgiving Dr. Mengele (2006).
  66. ↑ "Holocaust Survivors" . Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  67. ↑ "Helen Lewis". Stutthof Concentration Camp: topic, pictures and information. Fold3 by Ancestry. Retrieved 22 April 2015.
  68. ↑ Out of the Ashes (2003).
  69. 1 2 Hitron, Haggai. "Wrestling with God". Haaretz. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  70. ↑ Forgiving Dr. Mengele
  71. 1 2 "Survivors". CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  72. 1 2 3 "Survivors". CANDLES Holocaust Museum and Education Center. Retrieved July 19, 2011.
  73. 1 2 Secrets of the Dead: Escape from Auschwitz (PBS, 2008).
  74. ↑ Donadio, Rachel (January 20, 2008). "The Story of 'Night'". The New York Times.
  75. ↑ see the film "Elie Wiesel Goes Home" by Judit Elek, narrated by William Hurt ISBN   978-1-930545-63-2
  76. ↑ Jarosław Sak; Magdalena Suchodolska (2020). "Eliazar de Wind (1916–1987)". Journal of Neurology. 268 (6): 2297–2298. doi: 10.1007/s00415-020-09922-0 . PMC   8179886 . PMID   32447553.
  77. ↑ Piątkowski, Sebastian (2006). Dni życia, dni śmierci: ludność żydowska w Radomiu w latach 1918–1950[Days of Life, Days of Death: The Jewish Population in Radom, 1918–1950] (in Polish). Warsaw: National Directorate of State Archives. ISBN   83-89115-31-X.
  78. ↑ Haag, John. "Hautval, Adelaide (1906–1988)". Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia . Retrieved 7 June 2020.
  79. ↑ "Berlin: Auschwitz Survivor and Oscar Winner Branko Lustig Talks Forgiveness". The Hollywood Reporter . February 12, 2014. Retrieved 2015-01-19.

Bibliography

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