英文互译镜像站

List of people known as the Great

Last updated

This is a list of people known as the Great, or the equivalent, in their own language. Other languages have their own suffixes, such as Persian e Bozorg and Hindustani e Azam.

Contents

In Persia, the title "the Great" at first seems to have been a colloquial version of the Old Persian title "Great King" (King of Kings, Shahanshah). It was first used by Cyrus II of Persia. [1] The title was inherited by Alexander III when he conquered the Persian Empire, and the epithet eventually became personally associated with him. The first reference to this is in a comedy by Plautus, [2] in which it is assumed that everyone knew who "Alexander the Great" was; however, there is no evidence that he was called "the Great" before this. The early Seleucid kings, who succeeded Alexander in Persia, used "Great King" in local documents, but the title was most notably used for Antiochus III. Once the term gained currency, it was broadened to include persons in other fields, such as the philosopher Albert.

Later rulers and commanders were given the epithet during their lifetime, for example, the Roman general Pompey. Others received the title posthumously, such as the Indian emperor Ashoka. As there are no objective criteria for "greatness", the persistence of the designation varies greatly. For example, Louis XIV of France was often referred to as "the Great" in his lifetime, but is rarely called such nowadays, later writers preferring his more specific epithet "the Sun King". German Emperor Wilhelm I was often called "the Great" in the time of his grandson Wilhelm II, but rarely before or after.

Monarchs

NameDescriptionDatesRef.
Abbas I Shah of Iran 1587 – 1629 [3]
Abgar VIII King of Osroene 177 – 212
Akbar Emperor of Mughal 1556 – 1605 [4]
Alan I Duke of Brittany 876 – 907
Alexander I King of Georgia 1412 – 1442
Alexander III King of Macedon 336 BC – 323 BC
Alfonso III King of León, Galicia and Asturias866 – 910
Alfred King of Wessex 871 – 899
Ali Sher Sultan of Baltiyul 1595 – 1633
Amenhotep III Pharaoh of Egypt 1391 BC – 1353 BC or 1388 BC – 1351 BC
Antiochus III Ruler of Seleucid 223 BC – 187 BC
Ashoka Ruler of Maurya 268 BC – 232 BC [5] [6] [7]
Ashot I King of Armenia885 – 890
Ashot I King of Georgia 813 – 826 or 830
Askia Mohammad I Ruler of Songhai 1493 – 1528 [8]
Bagrat V King of Georgia 1360 – 1393
Barnim III Duke of Stettin Pomerania 1344 – 1368 [9]
Berengaria Queen of Castile and Toledo 1197 – 1246
Bhillama I King of Seuna 910 – 930 [10]
Bogusław V Duke of Wolgast and Słupsk 1326 – 1374 [11]
Bolesław I King of Poland992 – 1025 [12]
Borommaracha IV King of Thonburi 1767 – 1782 [13]
Casimir III King of Poland1333 – 1370
Catherine II Empress of Russia1762 – 1796
Charles I King of the Franks and Emperor of the Romans 768 – 814
Constantine I Emperor of Rome 306 – 337
Cnut King of England, Denmark and Norway1016 – 1035
Cyrus II Shahanshah of Persia 559 BC – 530 BC
Darius I Shahanshah of Persia522 BC – 486 BC
Eucratides I Ruler of Bactria and Yavana 171 BC – 145 BC [14]
Ewuare I King of Benin 1440 – 1473
Farrukhan Ispahbadh of Tabaristan712 – 728 [15]
Ferdinand I King of León and Count of Castile1037 – 1065
Frederick II King of Prussia1740 – 1786
Gwrgan King of Ergyng 619 – 645
Gustav II King of Sweden1611 – 1632
Gwanggaeto King of Goguryeo 391 – 412 [16]
Henry IV King of France and Navarre1589 – 1610
Herod I King of Judea37 BC – 4 BC or 36 BC – 1 BC
Hugh III King of Cyprus and Jerusalem 1267 – 1284
Hugh Co-King of France1017 – 1025
Inal Supreme Prince of Circassia 1427 – 1453
Ivan III Grand Prince of Moscow and All-Russia1462 – 1505
Iyasu I Emperor of Ethiopia 1682 – 1706
John II King of Aragon and Navarre1458 – 1479
Justinian I Emperor of Byzantine 527 – 565
Kamehameha I King of Hawaii1782 – 1819
Kanishka I Emperor of Kushan 127 – 150 [17]
Kvirike III King of Kakheti in eastern Georgia1010 – 1037
Leo I Emperor of Rome457 – 474 [18]
Llywelyn King of Gwynedd 1195 – 1240
Louis I King of Hungary, Croatia, and Poland1342 – 1382
Louis XIV King of France and Navarre1643 – 1715
Mardavij King of the Ziyarids 930 — 935
Manuel I Emperor of Byzantine1143 – 1180
Marianus IV Judge of Arborea 1347 – 1376 [19]
Krešimir II King of Croatia949 – 969 [20]
Miloš I Prince of Serbia1817 – 1839, 1858 – 1860
Mircea Voivode of Wallachia 1386 – 1394, 1397 – 1418
Mithridates I King of Parthia 165 BC – 132 BC [21]
Mithridates II King of Parthia 124 BC – 91 BC
Mithridates VI King of Pontus 120 BC – 63 BC
Mubarak Ruler of Kuwait 1896 – 1915
Mstislav I Grand Prince of Kiev1088 – 1132
Nebuchadnezzar II King of Babylon 605 BC – 562 BC [22]
Otto I Emperor of the Romans962 – 973
Kʼinich Janaab Pakal I Ruler of Palenque 615 – 683
Parakramabahu I King of Polonnaruwa 1153 – 1186 [23]
Peter I Emperor of Russia1682 – 1725[ citation needed ]
Peter III King of Aragon and Sicily1276 – 1285
Pharasmanes I King of Iberia 1 – 58
Radama I King of greater Madagascar1810 – 1828
Radu IV Voivode of Wallachia 1495 – 1508
Rajendra I Emperor of Chola 1014 – 1044
Rama I King of Siam 1782 – 1809 [24]
Rama IV King of Siam1851 – 1868
Rama IX King of Thailand 1946 – 2016
Ramathibodi III King of Ayutthaya 1656 – 1688
Rama V King of Siam1868 – 1910
Ramesses II Pharaoh of Egypt 1279 BC – 1213 BC [25]
Ramkhamhaeng King of Sukhothai 1279 – 1298
Reza Shah of Iran1925 – 1941
Rhodri King of Gwynedd 844 – 878
Roman Grand Prince of Kiev 1168 – 1205 [26]
Sancho III King of Navarre 1004 – 1035
Sanphet II King of Ayutthaya 1590 – 1605
Sargon Ruler of Akkad 2334 BC – 2279 BC [27]
Sejong King of Joseon 1418 – 1450 [28]
Shadab King of Chibhal, Governor of Kashmir and Kandahar1463 – 1568
Shapur II Shahanshah of Persia309 – 379
Simeon I Emperor of Bulgaria893 – 927 [29]
Simon I King of Kartli 1556 – 1569, 1578 – 1599
Solomon I King of Imereti 1752 – 1765, 1767 – 1784
Sonni Ali Ruler of Songhai 1464 – 1492 [30]
Stefan Uroš I King of Serbia1243 – 1276
Stephen III Prince of Moldavia 1457 – 1504
Svatopluk I King of Moravia 867 – 894 [31]
Tamar Queen of Georgia 1184 – 1213 [32]
Theoderic King of the Ostrogoths, Regent of the Visigoths and Viceroy of Byzantine471 – 526
Theodosius I Emperor of Rome379 – 395 [33]
Thoros II Lord of Armenian Cilicia 1144 or 1145 – 1169 [34]
Thutmose III Pharaoh of Egypt 1479 BC – 1425 BC [35]
Tigranes II Emperor of Armenia 95 BC – 55 BC [36]
Tiridates III King of Armenia 298 – 330 [37]
Valdemar I King of Denmark1154 – 1182 [38]
Valentinian I Emperor of Rome364 – 375 [39]
Vigraharaja IV King of Chauhan 1150 – 1164 [40]
Vladimir I Prince of Novgorod, Grand Prince of Kiev970 – 1015 [41]
Vytautas Grand Duke of Lithuania1392 – 1430 [42]
Xerxes I Shahanshah of Persia486 BC – 465 BC [43]
Yuknoom Ch'een II Maya king of Kaan 636 – 686 [44]
Zayed Ruler of Abu Dhabi 1855 – 1909 [45]
Zayn al-Abidin Sultan of Kashmir 1418 – 1419, 1420 – 1470 [46]

Aristocrats

NameDescriptionDatesRef.
Alain I French aristocrat1440 – 1522
Amadeus V Count of Savoy 1249 – 1323
Arnulf I Count of Flanders 893 – 964 [47]
Atenulf I Prince of Capua ? – c. 910
Bogislaw X Duke of Pomerania 1454 – 1523
Bruno Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lotharingia925 – 965 [48]
Charles Emmanuel I Duke of Savoy1562 – 1630
Charles III Duke of Lorraine1543 – 1608
Conrad I Margrave of Meissen1097 – 1157 [49]
David III Prince of Tao 966 – 1001
Frederick II Duke of Legnica, Brzeg, Wołów, Głogów, and Ziębice 1488 - 1547
Frederick William Duke of Prussia 1620 - 1688
Gerhard III Count of Holstein-Rendsburg 1292 – 1340
Gero I Ruler of Marca Geronis 900 – 965 [50]
Godfrey I Count of Brussels and Leuven, Duke of Lower Lorraine, Langrave of Brabant 1060 – 1139
Gothelo I Duke of Lorraine, Count of Verdun, and Margrave of Antwerp 967 – 1044
Gurgen II Prince of Tao 918 – 941
Hanno I Carthaginian politician and military leader4th century BC
Hanno II Carthaginian aristocrat, general, and politician3rd century BC [51]
Hanno III Carthaginian politician2nd century BC [52] [53]
Henry I Duke of Burgundy946 – 1002
Henry V Count of Luxembourg1216 – 1281
Hugh Count of Paris and Duke of the Franks898 – 956 [54]
Hugh Count of Vermandois1057 – 1101
Hugh Margrave of Tuscany953/954 – 1001
Humphrey I Anglo-Norman aristocrat? – 1123
Intef Nomarch of Thebes ? – c. 2135 BC [55]
Matthew II Lord of Montmorency 1189 – 1230
Maximilian I Ruler of Bavaria 1573 – 1651
Milo I Lord of Montlhéry 1095 – 1102
Odo Duke of Aquitaine? – 735 [56]
Pompey Military and political leader of Rome 106 BC – 48 BC [57]
Ralph IV Count of Valois, Bar, Vexin, Vitry, Amiens, Montdidier and Tardenois1025 – 1074 [58]
Ramon Berenguer III Count of Barcelona, Provence, and various other counties1082 – 1131
Robert I Count of Dreux1123 – 1188
Roger-Bernard II Count of Foix 1223 – 1241
Roger Earl of Shrewsbury and Arundel? – 1094
Roger I Count of Sicily c. 1030 – 1101
Świętopełk II Duke of Pomerania ? – 1266 [59]
Theobald II Count of Blois, Chartres, Champagne and Brie1090 – 1151
William I Count of Burgundy and Mâcon1020 – 1087
William V Duke of Aquitaine, Count of Poitou969 – 1030 [60]

Military

NameDescriptionDatesRef.
Afonso Portuguese general, statesman and empire builder1453 – 1515 [61]
Melias Byzantine general of Armenian origin890 –934 [62]
Prokop Hussite general in Bohemia 1380 – 1434 [63]

Religious figures

Christian

NameDescriptionDatesRef.
Abraham Monk and saint of the Church of the East492 – 586
Albertus Medieval German philosopher and theologian1193/1206 – 1280 [64]
Anthony Early Christian saint of Egypt251 – 356 [65]
Arsenius Roman anchorite saint in Egypt354 – 445
Athanasius Early Christian saint and bishop of Alexandria296 – 373 [66]
Babai Assyrian church leader551 – 628
Basil Greek bishop and theologian330 – 379 [67]
Bertin Frankish Abbot of a namesake monastery 615 – 709
Dioscorus I Coptic Orthodox Church pope? – 454
Euthymius Abbot and Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox saint377 – 473
Gertrude German Benedictine, mystic, theologian and Roman Catholic saint1256 – 1302 [68]
Gregory I Catholic pope540 – 604 [69]
Hilarion Ancient Roman anchorite and Orthodox and Catholic saint291 – 371
Hugh Abbot of Cluny1024 – 1109
Isaac Armenian Catholicos354 – 439
James [Note 1] One of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus 3 – 44 [70]
Joannicius Byzantine hermit, theologian and saint752 – 846 [71]
Leo I Catholic pope391 or 400 – 461 [72]
Macarius Egyptian hermit300 – 391 [73]
Michael Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church1126 – 1199 [74]
Nerses I Armenian Catholicos? – 373
Nicholas I Catholic pope800 – 867 [75]
Photius I Eastern Orthodox saint and Patriarch of Constantinople810 – 893 [76]
Shenoute Oriental Orthodox saint and abbot of the White Monastery 348 – 465
Sisoes An early desert father, a solitary monk pursuing asceticism in the Egyptian desert in a cave of Anthony the Great? – 429
William Founder of the Catholic congregation of Williamites? - 1157

Jewish

NameDescriptionDatesRef.
Aharon I Hasidic rabbi1736 – 1772 [77]
Eliezer Rabbi in Judea1st century [78] [79]
Hiyya Rabbi in Judea180 – 230 [80]

Legendary and mythological figures

NameDescriptionRef.
Ajax Greek hero in the Iliad [81]
Beli In medieval Welsh mythology and literature [82]
Belinus Legendary king of the Britons
Fergus Semi-mythical king of Dál Riata
Gradlon Semi-mythical king of Cornouaille
Hayk Legendary founder and patriarch of the Armenian nation [83]
Phrom Legendary king of Yonok [84]
Yu Legendary king of Xia [85] [86]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ In this case James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James the Lesser, with greater meaning older or taller, rather than more important.

References

  1. ↑ In a clay cylinder (online). The first Persian ruler to use the title in an Iranian context was Darius I of Persia (Darius the Great), in the Behistun Inscription (online).
  2. ↑ Plautus, Mostellaria 775.
  3. ↑ Savory, R. M. (3 May 2018). "ʿABBĀS I". Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol. I. pp. 71–75. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  4. ↑ "Jalal al-Din Muhammad Akbar (Akbar the Great)". British Museum.
  5. ↑ Monika Khanna (2011). Ashoka, the Great: The Great Reformist Emperor of India. Farsight Publishers & Distributors. ISBN   978-81-89297-75-6.
  6. ↑ Savory, Roger M. "ʿAbbās I". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  7. ↑ "Most Powerful Kings in the World". Banglorejobs.
  8. ↑ Flora Shaw (23 December 2010). A Tropical Dependency: An Outline of the Ancient History of the Western Soudan with an Account of the Modern Settlement of Northern Nigeria. Cambridge University Press. p. 199. ISBN   978-1-108-02492-1.
  9. ↑ "Barnim III Wielki". PWN.pl. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.
  10. ↑ H. V. Trivedi. The Yadavas And Their Times. pp. 25–26.
  11. ↑ "Książę wołogoski i słupski Bogusław V Wielki (1317–1374)". Zamek Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie.
  12. ↑ Patrick J. Geary (2010). Readings in Medieval History. University of Toronto Press. pp. 642–. ISBN   978-1-4426-0120-8.
  13. ↑ Gerald W. Fry; Gayla S. Nieminen; Harold E. Smith (8 August 2013). Historical Dictionary of Thailand. Scarecrow Press. p. 401. ISBN   978-0-8108-7525-8.
  14. ↑ Asiatic Society of Bengal (1840). Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Soc. p. 533.
  15. ↑ Bernard Lewis; Charles Pellat (1982). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. Brill. p. 298. ISBN   9789004067127.
  16. ↑ Korean Culture and Information Service Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (15 January 2015). FACTS ABOUT KOREA: South korea, Past and Present. 길잡이미디어. pp. 191–. ISBN   978-89-7375-584-4.
  17. ↑ Bracey, Robert (2017). "The Date of Kanishka since 1960 (Indian Historical Review, 2017, 44(1), 1-41)" . Indian Historical Review. 44: 1–41.
  18. ↑ Bury, J. B. (1958) [1889]. "Chapter X: the reign of Leo I". History of the Later Roman Empire. Vol. 1. New York: Dover Publications. pp. 323, note 1. ISBN   978-0-486-14338-5. After the coronation of the child the two Leos would be distinguished as Λέων ὁ Μέγας and Λέων ὁ Μικρός, and this I believe, must be the origin of the designation of Leo as "the Great"; just as reversely Theodosius II. was called "the Small," because in his infancy he had been known as ὁ μικρός βασιλεύς to distinguish him from Arcadius. Leo never did anything which could conceivably earn him the title of Great in the sense in which it was bestowed by posterity on Alexander or Constantine.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  19. ↑ Nowé, 174.
  20. ↑ Matijević-Sokol, Mirjana; Sokol, Vladimir (2010). "Quedam Helena regina..." Vjesnik (in Croatian). Zagreb: Archaeological Museum in Zagreb: 421.
  21. ↑ Daryaee, Touraj (2012). The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press. p. 169. ISBN   978-0-19-987575-7.
  22. ↑ Sack, Ronald H. (2004). Images of Nebuchadnezzar: The Emergence of a Legend (2nd Revised and Expanded ed.). Selinsgrove: Susquehanna University Press. ISBN   1-57591-079-9., p. 41
  23. ↑ Datta, Nonica (2003). Indian History: Ancient and medieval. Vol. 1. Mumbai: Encyclopaedia Britannica (India) and Popular Prakashan. p. 220. ISBN   8179910679.
  24. ↑ Sulak Sivaraksa (1985). Siamese Resurgence: A Thai Buddhist Voice on Asia and a World of Change. Asian Cultural Forum on Development. p. 175.
  25. ↑ "Ramses". Webster's New World College Dictionary. Wiley Publishing. 2004. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  26. ↑ Subtelny, Orest. Ukraine: A History.[ page needed ]
  27. ↑ "Sargon inscriptions". cdli.ucla.edu.
  28. ↑ Christoph Bluth; Gareth Schott (2007). Korea. Polity. p. 10. ISBN   978-0-7456-3356-5.
  29. ↑ R. J. Crampton (24 November 2005). A Concise History of Bulgaria. Cambridge University Press. p. 270. ISBN   978-1-139-44823-9.
  30. ↑ Walker, Robin; Millar, Siaf (1999), The West African Empire of Songhai in 10 Easy Lessons By Robin Walker, Siaf Millar, Concept Learning, ISBN   9781903181003 , retrieved 5 June 2021
  31. ↑ Havlík, Lubomír E. (2013). Kronika o Velké Moravě[Chronicle of Great Moravia]. Jota. p. 362. ISBN   978-80-85617-04-7.
  32. ↑ Rapp, Stephen H. (2003). Studies In Medieval Georgian Historiography: Early Texts And Eurasian Contexts. Leuven: Peeters. p. 338. ISBN   90-429-1318-5.
  33. ↑ Cooley, Alison E. (2012). The Cambridge Manual of Latin Epigraphy. Cambridge University Press. p. 506. ISBN   978-0-521-84026-2.
  34. ↑ Ghazarian, Jacob G. The Armenian Kingdom in Cilicia during the Crusades: The Integration of Cilician Armenians with the Latins (1080–1393).
  35. ↑ "Ancient Egypt's Greatest Warrior: TuthmosIs The 3rd - Egypt's Napoleon (Full History Documentary)". dokus4free. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  36. ↑ Manaseryan, Ruben (2007). Տիգրան Մեծ՝ Հայկական Պայքարը Հռոմի և Պարթևաստանի Դեմ, մ.թ.ա. 94–64 թթ. [Tigran the Great: The Armenian Struggle Against Rome and Parthia, 94–64 B.C.] (in Armenian). Yerevan: Lusakan Publishing. p. needed.
  37. ↑ Beate Dignas; Engelbert Winter (13 September 2007). Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbours and Rivals. Cambridge University Press. pp. 180–. ISBN   978-0-521-84925-8.
  38. ↑ Lester B. Orfield (1953). The Growth of Scandinavian Law. The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. pp. 38–. ISBN   978-1-58477-180-7.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  39. ↑ Thomas Banchich; Eugene Lane (26 January 2009). The History of Zonaras: From Alexander Severus to the Death of Theodosius the Great. Routledge. pp. 261–. ISBN   978-1-134-42473-3.
  40. ↑ Dasharatha Sharma (1959). Early Chauhān Dynasties. S. Chand / Motilal Banarsidass. p. 65. ISBN   9780842606189.{{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  41. ↑ Mike Dixon-Kennedy (1998). Encyclopedia of Russian and Slavic Myth and Legend. ABC-CLIO. p. 239. ISBN   978-1-57607-063-5.
  42. ↑ Giedrė Mickūnaitė (2006). Making a Great Ruler: Grand Duke Vytautas of Lithuania. Central European University Press. pp. 4–. ISBN   978-963-7326-58-5.
  43. ↑ Jacob Abbott (1850). History of Xerxes the Great. Harper & Brothers, publishers.
  44. ↑ Robert J. Sharer; Loa P. Traxler (2006). The Ancient Maya . Stanford University Press. pp.  381–. ISBN   978-0-8047-4817-9.
  45. ↑ Āl Maktūm, Muḥammad ibn Rāshid (2012). Spirit of the union: lecture on the occasion of the United Arab Emirates' fortieth national day. Dubai (United Arab Emirates): Motivate Publishing. p. 34. ISBN   9781860633300.
  46. ↑ Hasan, Mohibbul (1 December 2023). Kashmir Under the Sultans. London: Routledge. p. 71. doi:10.4324/9781032666709. ISBN   978-1-032-66670-9.
  47. ↑ "Arnulf I, Count of Flanders". British Museum.
  48. ↑ Brian D. Starr (2006). Tree of Saints. Brian Daniel Starr. pp. 121–. ISBN   978-1-4196-3302-7.
  49. ↑ "Konrad Markgraf von Meißen und der Niederlausitz". ADB. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  50. ↑ Thompson, 486. Also see Lexikon des Mittelalters. Archived 2011-06-04 at the Wayback Machine
  51. ↑ Who's Who in The Roman World, Routledge retrieved 15 March 2011
  52. ↑ Picard, Life and Death of Carthage (1968), at 264, 286.
  53. ↑ Cf., Warmington, Carthage (1960, 1964), at 119.
  54. ↑ Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family who Forged Europe, Trans. Michael Idomir Allen (University of Pennsylvania Press, Philadelphia, 1993), pp.250–1
  55. ↑ "Stela of the Gatekeeper Maati". Metropolitan Museum of Art.
  56. ↑ Melville M. Bigelow, "The Bohun Wills," American Historical Review , 1:3 (1896), 415.
  57. ↑ JmLeach, John. Pompey the Great'). p. 29.
  58. ↑ Bautier, Robert-Henri (1985). "Anne de Kiev, reine de France, et la politque royale au XIe siècle: Étude critique de la documentation". Revue des études slaves. 57 (4): 539–64. doi:10.3406/slave.1985.5520.
  59. ↑ Januszajtis, Andrzej. "Sławni Gdańszczanie: Świętopełk II Wielki". Nasz Gdańsk.
  60. ↑ Bachrach, Bernard S. (1993). Fulk Nerra, the Neo-Roman Consul, 987–1040. University of California Press.
  61. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. (1 May 2008). Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. p. 23. ISBN   978-1-59339-492-9.
  62. ↑ The name comes from Arabic malīh meaning "beautiful", "fine". Melias is probably the Malikh al-Armani of Arab chroniclers. Whittow, Mark (1996). The Making of Byzantium, 600–1025. Berkeley: University of California. p. 315. ISBN   0520204964.
  63. ↑ Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Procopius, Andrew"  . New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
  64. ↑ Weisheipl, James A. (1980), "The Life and Works of St. Albert the Great", in Weisheipl, James A. (ed.), Albertus Magnus and the Sciences: Commemorative Essays, Studies and texts, vol. 49, Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, p. 46, ISBN   978-0-88844-049-5
  65. ↑ Endsjø, Dag Øistein (2008). Primordial landscapes, Incorruptible Bodies. New York: Peter Lang Publishing. ISBN   978-1-4331-0181-6.
  66. ↑ Clifford, Cornelius. "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: St. Athanasius". www.newadvent.org. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  67. ↑ Bowersock et al. (1999), p.336
  68. ↑ "Bossert, Sr. Evangela. "St. Gertrude of Helfta", Monastery of St. Gertrude, Cottonwood, Idaho". Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 18 August 2017.
  69. ↑ Huddleston, Gilbert (1909). "Pope St. Gregory I ("the Great")"  . In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia . Vol. 6. New York: Robert Appleton Company. Gregory had come to be known as 'the Great' by the late ninth century, a title which is still applied to him. See John Moorhead, Gregory the Great, (Routledge, 2005), p1
  70. ↑ "Catholic Encyclopedia: St. James the Greater".
  71. ↑ Treadgold, Warren (January 2002). "Photius Before His Patriarchate". Journal of Ecclesiastical History. 53: 1–17. doi:10.1017/S0022046901008727. S2CID   162542349 – via Cambridge.
  72. ↑ Davis, SJ, Leo Donald (1990). The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325–787): Their History and Theology (Theology and Life Series 21). Collegeville, MN: Michael Glazier/Liturgical Press. pp.  342. ISBN   978-0-8146-5616-7.
  73. ↑ "Μνήμη τοῦ ὁσίου πατρός ἠμῶν Μακαρίου τοῦ Αἰγυπτίου τοῦ ἀναχωρητοῦ" [Our father Makarios of Egypt the Anchorite, of blessed memory]. Apostoliki Diakonia: Eorlogio (in Greek). Apostoliki Diakonia (Apostolic Auxiliary) of the Holy Synod of the Church of Greece. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  74. ↑ Wright, A short history of Syriac literature, p.250, n.4, referencing Bar Hebraeus, Chron. Eccles., vol. 1, 537.
  75. ↑ Will Durant. The Age of Faith. New York, New York, USA: Simon and Schuster, 1972. Chapter 21: Christianity in Conflict, p. 517-51
  76. ↑ White, Despina Stratoudaki (1981). "The Life of Patriarch Photios". Patriarch Photios of Constantinople, His Life, Scholarly Contributions, and Correspondence, Together with a Translation of Fifty-two of His Letters. Holy Cross Orthodox Press. ISBN   978-0-91658626-3 . Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  77. ↑ PD-icon.svg One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain :  Singer, Isidore; et al., eds. (1901–1906). "AARON BEN JACOB OF KARLIN". The Jewish Encyclopedia . New York: Funk & Wagnalls. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  78. ↑ Pirkei Avot 2:8; Avot of Rabbi Natan 6:3
  79. ↑ Avot of Rabbi Natan 14:5
  80. ↑ "HIYYA BAR ABBA - JewishEncyclopedia.com". jewishencyclopedia.com. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  81. ↑ "Ajax or Aias - Municipality of Salamina". www.salamina.gr. Retrieved 12 July 2025.
  82. ↑ Delamarre, Xavier. Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise, Editions Errance, Paris, 2003, pp. 70–72.
  83. ↑ Gōsh, Mkhitʻar (2000). The Lawcode (Datastanagirk') of Mxit'ar Goš. Rodopi. p. 112. ISBN   9789042007901 . Retrieved 6 July 2016.
  84. ↑ ""ตำนานพระเจ้าพรหม" วีรบุรุษของโยนกล้านนา" ["King Phrom Legend" hero of Singhanavati Lanna Kingdom]. Chiangmainews (in Thai). 8 January 2019. Archived from the original on 9 April 2023. Retrieved 11 September 2021.
  85. ↑ Wang Quangen 王泉根, (1993). Huaxia Quming Yishu華夏取名藝術. (Taipei: Zhishu-fang Chuban Jituan知書房出版集團), 42.
  86. ↑ Siam_Qi. Records_of_the_Grand_Historian . Translated by William H. Nienhauser as The Grand Scribe's Records: The Basic Annals of Antiquity. Indiana University Press, 1994.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
关键词转码站群 镜像精灵 泛域名镜像 干扰字符镜像 霸屏SEO镜像站群