英文互译镜像站

List of exonerated death row inmates

Last updated

This list contains names of people who were found guilty of capital crimes and placed on death row but later had their convictions overturned. Many of these exonerees' sentences were overturned by acquittal or pardon, but some of those listed were exonerated posthumously. [1] The state listed is that in which the conviction occurred, the year is that of release and the case is that which overturned the conviction.

Contents

This list includes:

  1. Former death row inmates who were conditionally pardoned, had their sentences commuted, or had their cases dismissed prior to their exoneration.
  2. Former death row inmates who later had new evidence found against them, but could not be retried as a result of double jeopardy. For example, DNA tests indicated that Robert Earl Hayes, who was featured in the The Exonerated , was actually guilty of the murder he had been acquitted of 25 years earlier. [2]
  3. Death row inmates who were legally exonerated, but not proven factually innocent. For example, Jay C. Smith, whose conviction was overturned as a result of prosecutorial misconduct, lost multiple civil suits after it was determined that he was actually guilty. An appellate court stated, "Our confidence in Smith's convictions for the murder of Susan Reinert and her two children is not the least bit diminished." [3]
  4. Death row inmates who remain in prison or even on death row for other convictions.

This list does not include:

  1. People who were threatened with death and never jailed.
  2. People who were jailed by extralegal groups or courts.
  3. People who were not completely cleared of culpable homicide before the fact.
  4. People who were initially exonerated, but subsequently convicted for the same offense. For example, Timothy Hennis was convicted under dual sovereignty after new evidence proved his guilt after his acquittal.

The names of exonerees who names are marked with an asterisk (*) indicate that the events of their cases in which it was determined that no crime had taken place.

  Events of case in which it was determined that no crime had taken place

Canada

YearDetails of Exoneration
1913 Stephen Kiyoshk was accused of murdering two men, Charles Nahdee and Adam Johns, in 1912. He was convicted of murdering Johns, but not Nahdee, despite the belief that both victims had been murdered by the same person. One of the main witnesses, Flossie Williams, also claimed that Kiyoshk, was innocent, but she had an incentive to lie since she was Kiyoshk's girlfriend and later married him. Kiyoshk was awarded a new trial and the charges were later withdrawn. [4] [5] In 1939, Kiyoshk was charged with murdering another man named Jerry Blackbird. He was convicted of murder in 1940 and sentenced to death. This time, Kiyoshk's appeals were unsuccessful and he was hanged in 1941. [6] [7]
1923Terlochen Singh was convicted of the murder of 15-year-old Hukam Singh in 1922. Terlochen was reprieved after officials received an affidavit declaring that new evidence had been uncovered. He was acquitted at a retrial after a witness testified that she had seen a beardless Indian man in company with the victim prior to his murder (Terlochen had a beard). [8]
1928Joseph Sankey was convicted of the murder of Loretta Chisholm in 1926. In 1927, Sankey was granted a new trial after it was determined that he had been coerced into making incriminating statements to the police. [9] He was acquitted at a retrial the following year. [10]
1928Leung Chong was convicted of the murder of RCMP officer Ernest Sargent in 1927. Chong was granted a retrial over the use of inadmissible character evidence against him. [11] He was acquitted the following year. [12]
1938John Comba was convicted of the rape and murder of 13-year-old Ethel Hedderwick in 1937 based on a coincidental remark he made shortly before finding the body, "I think he we shall find something near here," and the fact that he washed his clothes shortly after. In May 1938, the Court of Appeal for Ontario overturned Comba's conviction, stating that he had an alibi. [13] The Supreme Court of Canada barred a retrial for Comba the following month. [14]
1943In 1943, Luigi Stabile was charged with the murder of his brother-in-law, who'd disappeared in 1916, after his skeleton was discovered underneath the cellar of the farmhouse where Stabile once lived. This drew suspicion since Stabile had never notified the police about the disappearance and the victim's daughter later testified that she saw her father enter the farmhouse with Stabile shortly before his disappearance. [15] Noting that no motive or cause of death was ever established, an appellate court found that there was insufficient evidence against Stabile. [16]
1944Harold Ferguson was convicted of the murder of Abraham Rosenberg in 1944. The Court of Appeal for Ontario overturned his conviction, finding that he had not received a fair trial. No retrial was ordered. [17]
1946Lorne Cecil Harris was convicted of the rape and murder of Audrey Lyons in 1946. It was quickly determined that money and rings had also been stolen from the victim. However, none of these items were found on Harris, who was acquitted at a retrial. At the second trial, the jury was told that Harris, who was drunk, would've been unable to subdue the victim on his own. [18]
1947 Evelyn Dick was convicted of the murder of her husband in 1947. She was granted a new trial after statements she made to the police were deemed inadmissible and acquitted at her retrial. Later that year, however, Dick was convicted of manslaughter for killing her infant son and sentenced to life in prison. She was paroled in 1958. [19]
1955Olivier Tarte was convicted of the murder of his 94-year-old aunt in 1954. His conviction was overturned after an appellate court found that his confession had been obtained under coercion and there was no other evidence proving his guilt. [20]
1961Charles Heathman was convicted of the sexual assault and murder of a 10-year-old boy in 1961. His conviction was overturned after three out of five judges for the British Columbia Court of Appeal said the evidence indicated that someone else had killed the boy. [21] In 1962, Heathman made a written confession to the murder, but could not be retried due to the double jeopardy rule. [22] [23] Heathman was committed to a psychiatric hospital after his confession, which he then attempted to recant. [24] Heathman was released in 1964. Later that year, he was sentenced to two years in prison for the possession of narcotics. [25]
2007 Steven Truscott, then 14, was convicted of a schoolmate's rape and murder in 1959. His sentence was commuted to life in prison four months later, and he was paroled in 1969. His conviction was overturned in 2007 for "miscarriage of justice." A court found that while it could not declare Truscott factually innocent, there was insufficient evidence to declare him guilty beyond a reasonable doubt. In July 2008, the Ontario government announced it would pay Truscott $6.5 million in compensation for his ordeal. [26]

India

Six men Ankush Maruti Shinde, Rajya Appa Shinde, Ambadas Laxman Shinde, Raju Mhasu Shinde, Bapu Appa Shinde and Suresh Shinde were convicted and sentenced to death penalty in 2009 on charges of rape and murder. On 6 March 2019, the Supreme Court of India acquitted all the six death-row convicts and proclaimed them innocent. [27] [28]

Ireland

In 2015, the President of Ireland granted a posthumous pardon to Harry Gleeson, who was executed in 1941 for the murder of Moll McCarthy, on the grounds that he had been wrongfully convicted. [29]

In 2018, the President of Ireland granted a posthumous pardon to Maolra Seoighe, who was executed in 1882 for the Maamtrasna Murders on the grounds that he had most likely been wrongfully convicted. In addition, he had not received a fair trial. Although Seoighe could only speak Irish, the case was heard in English without any translation service. [30]

Israel

YearDetails of Exoneration
1949In 1948, IDF major Meir Tobianski was tried by a drumhead court-martial for treason after being accused of spying for Jordan during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. On June 30, 1948, he was found guilty of passing information on targets for Jordanian artillery and sentenced to death. Tobianski was not allowed to appeal the verdict and was executed by firing squad minutes after sentencing on the orders of Isser Be'eri, the first director of the IDF's intelligence branch. On July 1, 1949, Tobianski was posthumously acquitted and had his rank reinstated by Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion. [31] In November 1949, Isser Be'eri, who was forced to resign was tried and found guilty of manslaughter by the Tel Aviv District Court for his role in Tobianski's wrongful execution. The court found that since there was a ceasefire in effect at the time, any information allegedly passed by Tobianski could not have helped Jordanian artillery. [32] Be'eri received a symbolic punishment of one day of prison, "from sunrise to sunset, 30 days after sentencing", before being pardoned by the president, Chaim Weizmann. [33]
1993In 1988, John Demjanjuk was sentenced to death war crimes, crimes against humanity, crimes against the Jewish people after being convicted of his alleged participation in atrocities at Treblinka extermination camp. Multiple survivors of the camp had identified Demjanjuk as a notorious guard known as Ivan the Terrible. In 1993, the Supreme Court of Israel overturned the verdict against Demjanjuk after Soviet archives proved that he had never been at the camp. The written statements of 37 former guards at Treblinka identified Ivan the Terrible was a man named "Ivan Marchenko". [34] [35] Nevertheless, the documents simultaneously proved that while Demjanjuk was never at Treblinka, he had served at other concentration camps, including Sobibor extermination camp. The prosecution sought to retry him for lesser war crimes, but the court refused, declaring that it'd be a violation of double jeopardy and that, "We know nothing about him at Sobibor." [36]

After his acquittal, Demjanjuk, who had been living in Ohio prior to his prosecution, was allowed to return to the United States after having his citizenship restored. However, in 1999, U.S. prosecutors again sought to deport Demjanjuk for serving as a guard at other concentration camp. His citizenship was revoked in 2002 and he was deported to Germany in 2009. [37] In 2011, Demjanjuk was convicted of being an accessory to the murders of 28,060 Jews at Sobibor and sentenced to five years in prison, with credit for the two years he had already served in pre-trial detention. The judge released Demjanjuk from custody pending his appeal. He died before a decision could be made on his appeal in 2012. [38]

Japan


YearDetails of Exoneration
1983 Sakae Menda was forced to confess to the murders of a Buddhist priest and his wife in 1948 and was convicted on two counts of murder and robbery in 1949. In a 1983 retrial, he was found not guilty of all charges. He died in 2020. [39] [40]
1989Masao Akahori was convicted in 1954 at the age of 24 of raping and murdering a schoolgirl. In 1989, he became the fourth death row inmate in Japan to be released. [41] [42] [39]
2024 Iwao Hakamada was accused of stabbing a family of four to death and covering it up with a house fire in 1966. Hakamada was released from prison in 2014 and was acquitted in a retrial by the Shizuoka District Court. [43]

Taiwan

YearDetails of Exoneration
2012Su Chien-ho (蘇建和), Liu Bing-lang (劉秉郎) and Chuang Lin-hsun (莊林勳) were sentenced to death for the 1991 murder of Wu Ming-han and his wife Yeh Ying-lan in Xizhi District, Taipei County, Taiwan. They were acquitted in 2012. [44]
2016Cheng Hsing-tse (鄭性澤) was sentenced to death for the 2002 murder of a police officer in Fengyuan, Taichung, Taiwan. He was acquitted in May 2016. [45]

United Kingdom

YearDetails of Exoneration
1966 Timothy Evans, convicted of the murder of his infant daughter Geraldine in 1950, was hanged on March 9, 1950, and posthumously pardoned in 1966. [46] [47] [48]
1998 Mahmood Hussein Mattan was found guilty of slashing a shop owners throat at the Cardiff Docks in 1952. He convicted and hanged in 1952 but his conviction was quashed in 1998. [49]
Derek Bentley was hanged for the murder of a policeman during an attempted burglary. He was convicted in 1952, executed in 1953, later pardoned in 1993, and the conviction quashed in 1998. [50]
2003George Kelly, who was executed in 1950 for the Cameo Cinema murder case, had his conviction quashed in 2003. [51]

United States

As of February 8, 2026, the Innocence Database maintained by the Death Penalty Information Center shows 202 exonerations of prisoners who have been sentenced to death in the United States since 1973. However, the database includes seven people who were sentenced to death before 1972, Larry Hudson, Peter Limone, James Joseph Richardson, Lawyer Johnson, Freddie Pitts and Wilbert Lee, and David Keaton. [52] [53]

1820s

YearStateDetails of Exoneration
1820VermontBrothers Jesse and Stephen Boorn were convicted in 1819 for the disappearance and murder of their brother-in-law. Stephen Boorn's sentence was commuted to life imprisonment by the Vermont legislature. They were both pardoned in 1820 when the brother-in-law was found alive, working on a farm in New Jersey. [54] [55]

1850s

YearStateDetails of Exoneration
1851CaliforniaThomas Berdue was misidentified as a man who murdered the local sheriff and robbed a store owner in California. The real murderer was found to be James Stuart, who bore a striking resemblance to Berdue. Stuart was lynched by a vigilance committee after confessing to the murder. [56]

1880s

YearStateDetails of Exoneration
1889ArkansasWilliam Woods was convicted in 1888 for the shooting murder of a hiker he and his friend, Henry Miller, had met at Commodore Hollow on the Cherokee Nation reserve. After multiple pleas of innocence, it eventually caught the attention of President Harrison's Attorney General H. H. Miller who demanded a more thorough investigation. The secondary investigation brought to light that hiker the two met was actually alive for several weeks after the supposed murder took place and that the witnesses from the original trial were wrong. Upon Miller's request, President Harrison pardoned Woods in 1889. However, Henry Miller had his sentence commuted to life in prison for unknown reasons. [57]

1890s

YearStateDetails of Exoneration
1895PennsylvaniaMichael Sabol was convicted in 1891 for the beating death of an Irish man during a riot. The riot started when 200 Hungarian workers on strike stormed a factory where Irish strikebreakers were working, leading to the death of 16 men. Sabol was convicted on the sole, problematic testimony of a man of Irish descent. He was exonerated in 1895 when a man who bore a close resemblance to George Rusnak, another man convicted for the same murder, was identified as one of the real murderers. Sabol died of consumption two weeks later. [58]
1897George Rusnak was convicted in 1891 for the beating death of an Irish man during a riot. The riot started when 200 Hungarian workers on strike stormed a factory where Irish strikebreakers were working, leading to the death of 16 men. Rusnak was convicted on the sole, problematic testimony of a man of Irish descent. His sentence was commuted to life in prison and he was pardoned in 1897 when a man who bore a close resemblance to Rusnak was identified as one of the real murderers. [59]
1898Mississippi Will Purvis was convicted in 1893 for the shooting murder of Will Buckley. Buckley had submitted evidence to a Grand Jury that his black farmhand had been beaten by a group of fellow Whitecaps. While on his way to the home of Purvis he was shot and killed where bloodhounds lead officers to 19-year-old Purvis, another Whitecap. All witnesses for his defense was thrown out leading to his conviction on the testimony of Buckley brother and their affiliation to the Whitecaps. During his execution he proclaimed his innocence and asked whoever did commit the crime to step forward, but nobody did. When he was hanged, the noose slipped. When the sheriff attempted to hang him again, the crowd of onlookers protested. He then escaped with the help of supporters and hid in the woods till he surrendered. The new governor then commuted his sentence to life in prison. Two years later, Buckley's brother recanted his testimony that convicted Purvis leading to a full pardon from the governor in 1889. One of the two real murderers, Louis Thornhill, confessed on his deathbed and identified the other as Louis Thornhill. [60]

1900s

YearStateDetails of Exoneration
1901IllinoisMichael J. Synon was convicted in 1900 for the bludgeoning death of his wife. Despite over 20 witnesses that he was at a local saloon at the time of the murder, he was convicted based on testimony from neighbors that he abused his wife and their 10-year-old son saw them arguing the same morning. Due to the judge in during the trial making inappropriate remarks about Synon and not allowing the defense to show evidence about a boarder who lived at the home at the time, had disappeared right after the murder, a re-trial was ordered. During the new trial, new testimony from a witness described a man who was not Synon enter the home just before the murder leading to his acquittal. [61]
1902Federal (Arkansas)Henry Miller was convicted in 1888 for the murder of a hiker he and his friend, William Woods, had met at Commodore Hollow on the Cherokee Nation reserve. After multiple plea's of innocence, it eventually caught the attention of President Harrison's Attorney General H. H. Miller who demanded a more thorough investigation. The secondary investigation brought to light that hiker the two met was actually alive for several weeks after the supposed murder took place and that the witnesses from the original trial were wrong. Despite Woods receiving a pardon in 1889, Henry Miller merely had his sentence commuted to life in prison. After 10 years in prison, Miller reached out to Attorney General Philander Knox. Upon his request, President Theodore Roosevelt pardoned him in 1902. [62]
1905PennsylvaniaSamuel Greason was convicted in 1901 for the bludgeoning death of the husband of his lover, Kate Edwards. Greason, a black man, was having an affair with the wife of his co-worker, a white woman. She was pregnant at the time of the murder and sentenced to life in prison on testimony given by Greason that she wanted to kill her husband and often complained about him. After her trial, he was arrested on suspicion of being her accomplice due to her having a mixed race baby and the prosecution theorized that was the true motive for the murder. Edwards then testified at his trial that he was the one who actually killed her husband. He was sentenced to death but the execution date was delayed 10 times until the day before his final execution date when she recanted her testimony. He was retried and acquitted in 1905 and pardoned in 1914. Edwards was never executed and pardoned the same year. [63]
1908TennesseeFloyd Westfield, a black man, was convicted in 1906 for the murder of Alonzo Rains, a white constable, during a Christmas celebration. Westfield admitted to killing Rains, but said he acted in self-defense. On February 4, 1906, Westfield was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to death. However, the Tennessee Supreme Court ordered a new trial, finding that a lesser conviction would be more appropriate. Westfield's second trial ended in a hung jury, with one juror favoring a second degree murder conviction, one juror favoring a manslaughter conviction, and two jurors favoring an acquittal. The third trial resulted in Westfield again being convicted of first degree murder and having his death sentence reinstated. However, the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned his conviction, finding that the facts of the case did not warrant a first degree murder conviction. [64] At his fourth trial, the prosecution chose to only try Westfield for manslaughter. On February 25, 1908, Westfield was acquitted and released from custody. It was determined that Constable Rains was abusive and had attacked Westfield, who had committed no crime, without any lawful justification. [65] Constable Rains, who had been courting a local school teacher, became enraged by the noise being made from a nearby party at the home of Westfield's grandmother, where firecrackers and Roman candles were being set. Even as his own friends tried to dissuade him, Rains attacked Westfield's grandmother's house, firing a shot through the door with his pistol. In response, Westfield shot and killed him. [66] The death of Constable Rains contributed to the racist atmosphere that resulted in the lynching of Ed Johnson.

1910s

YearStateDetails of Exoneration
1911TennesseeDavid Sherman and two others were convicted in 1907 for the murder of Elisha Hicks. Sherman and Beulah McGhee, both black men, were shooting craps at Bob Henderson's house when Hicks, a white man, was found found dead by the railroad tracks. The three were arrested under suspicion they robbed Hicks. A few days before their execution dates, McGhee confessed that he alone had murdered Hicks, leading to while Governor Malcolm Patterson ordered further investigation. McGhee was hanged in 1907, Sherman was pardoned in 1911, and Henderson died in prison in 1912. [67]
PennsylvaniaAndrew Toth was convicted in absentia in 1891 for the beating death of an Irish man during a riot. The riot started when 200 Hungarian workers on strike stormed a factory where Irish strikebreakers were working, leading to the death of 16 men. Toth was convicted on the sole, problematic testimony of a man of Irish descent. After spending almost 19 years in prison, the real murderer, Steve Toth, confessed to the murder when he believed he was dying of typhoid fever. He had fled the country immediately after the riot and his confession had reached Pennsylvania courts leading to Andrew's exoneration. Both men had lived in the same share house, had no resemblance, and were not related. [68]
MassachusettsStearns Kendall Abbott was convicted in 1880 of the shooting murder of Maria Crue. Two witnesses placed a bearded transient nearby on the day of the murder with one claiming she saw the man speak with Crue. Abbot was identified as the transient afterwards. Unfortunately, the defense could not find any witnesses to back up the claim that Abbot was on a train bound for Boston at the time or that the main witness, Jennie Carr, was having an affair with the victims husband and birthed his child. He was convicted to hang, however, a witnesses only known as "a young factory girl from Lowell" claimed that Carr had acknowledged that she had falsely accused Abbott. A few weeks later, the girl's body was found in the Charles River. Multiple citizens groups would push for a pardon until one was granted in 1911 when Abbot was 71. [69]
1912Federal (North Carolina)Robert Sawyer and Arthur Adams, who were black, were convicted in 1905 of the racially motivated murders of five crew members, four of whom were white, aboard the Harry A. Berwind. Codefendant Harry Scott was also sentenced to death and executed in 1906. Prior to his execution, he confessed and said he had acted alone. In response, President Theodore Roosevelt commuted their sentences to life imprisonment. Both men were pardoned by President William Howard Taft in 1912. [70]
1913FloridaJ.B. Brown was convicted in 1901 of the shooting death of Harry Wesson. On the day of the murder, the sheriff rounded up a few suspects and threw them in jail. One was the railyard watchman of where the body was found. That night, a jailer claimed to see Brown, a former brakeman on the railyard, talking to the watchman through the fence and tell him to keep his mouth shut. While Brown was held in prison, his cellmate, Alonzo Mitchell, claimed Brown confessed to him, reporting that Brown had admitted he and Jim “J.J.” Johnson had plotted to kill Wesson, and that Brown had shot Wesson with Johnson’s gun. Despite refuting most of the witnesses testimony, he was convicted and sentenced to hang. Due to a clerical error, his execution date was postponed and he was able to get his sentence commuted to life in prison. In 1902, the charges against Johnson were dismissed. Almost a decade later, Johnson admitted he committed the murder by himself and Brown was innocent. On the recommendation of the judge and prosecuting attorney, Brown was pardoned but in 1913 and in 1929, sought a pension for his time wrongfully convicted which was granted to him to the total of $2,492, to be paid in monthly installments of $25. [71]
1915TennesseeJohn McElwrath was convicted in 1903 for the murder of Will Wilson. Wilson and McElwrath, black work hands with the Illinois Central Railroad, were both riding freight trains to Mounds, Illinois for their paychecks. However, on the ride back, the train made a sudden stop due to finding Wilson's body on the tracks. McElwrath was found with a revolver that was suspected of being recently fired and arrested. Despite no evidence tying his gun to the actual murder, he was convicted and sentenced to hang. Days before his execution, prompted by letters and petitions from prominent businessmen and Dresden city officials, Governor Frazier commuted his sentence to life in prison. After 10 years, an unknown witness on his deathbed admitted that a friend of his murdered Wilson. Attorney Duke C. Bowers, with the assistance of Selden Maiden, the brother of the judge who had sentenced McElwrath to death, pushed for a pardon Governor Ben W. Hooper on his last day in office, pardoned McElwrath in 1915. For compensation for his wrongful conviction, the state gave him 25 cents and a train ticket to Dresden, Tennessee. [72]
1917IllinoisHerman Zajicek was convicted in 1907 for the arsenic murders of a family of five ages 10, 12, 18, and 20-year-old Mary. Police paid almost no attention to the 1905 deaths until December 3, 1906, when a Chicago American article suggested Zajicek, a 39-year-old Bohemian fortuneteller, was responsible. Zajicek, who had been performing "magical" services for the family, was suspected along with the matriarch, Rose Vrzal, who was the beneficiary of life insurance policies on the victims. Police questioned the surviving son, 15-year-old Jerry Vrzal, who, after being told that Zajicek had accused him, testified that he overheard Zajicek and his mother plotting the murders to collect insurance. Rose died of apparent arsenic suicide shortly after being taken into custody which prompted the exhumation of the family. Based largely on Jerry's testimony, Zajicek was convicted in 1907 for the murder of Mary Vrzal and sentenced to death, although he was suspected of the other deaths. Thanks to Father P.J. O'Callaghan, Zajick had his execution stayed and in 1908, Jerry Vrzal recanted his testimony, admitting the police pressured him to lie. New evidence also emerged suggesting the involvement of the married daughter, Emma Vrzal Niemann, who Zajicek had accused during his trial. Her father-in-law, Henry Niemann, had died in 1905 while Emma lived with him, and whose body was found to contain arsenic. In 1909, Governor Deneen commuted Zajicek's sentence to life imprisonment due to the false testimony. In 1917, Governor Dunne granted a full pardon based on his innocence. Zajicek died just four months after his release because his health had deteriorated in prison. [73]
1918New YorkCharles Stielow was convicted in 1915 for the shooting murder of 90-year-old Charles B. Phelps and his housekeeper. A week prior to the murders, Phelps had hired Steilow as a farm hand. He and another farm hand, Nelson Green, lived across the street in a tenant house. Steilow initially denied involvement, but later gave a confession to detectives, claiming Green was the shooter, after being pressured and admitting to earlier lies. Green also confessed but implicated Stielow as the shooter. A key piece of evidence at trial was a ballistics testimony of Dr. Albert Hamilton, a self-proclaimed expert who only had a high school education and a phony medical degree. He concluded Stielow’s .22-caliber revolver was the murder weapon without ever test firing it. Despite Stielow’s defense arguing the confession was coerced, he was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to death, while Green later pleaded guilty to second degree murder and was sentenced to life in prison. Stielow’s case attracted attention from advocates who believed his confession was coerced due to his mental limitations, leading to repeated execution stays. During this time, Erwin King confessed to being an accomplice with Clarence F. O'Connell in the murders, though King later retracted his statement. Governor Whitman, after initially commuting Stielow’s sentence to life imprisonment due to lingering doubt, funded a reinvestigation led by George H. Bond. Bond's investigation uncovered evidence that Stielow's confession was likely fabricated by detectives and included conclusive ballistics evidence from Captain Henry Jones and Max Poser, a noted expert in microscopy, that proved Stielow’s gun was not the murder weapon. Following a second confession by King that implicated himself and O'Connell, Governor Whitman pardoned them. [74]
1921North CarolinaJoe Bowles was convicted in 1919 of the murder of Riley Easter. His sentence was commuted 20 years in prison by Governor Thomas Walter Bickett in 1921 since he was intellectually disabled and believed to have had a lesser role in the murder. Codefendants Gardner Cain and Joe Cain were also sentenced to death and executed in 1920. Prior to their executions, they confessed, saying Joe Bowles was present, but did not have a weapon, and that Walter Cain had been one of the shooters. In 1921, Walter Cain, who had already been acquitted of the murder, pleaded guilty to perjury for testifying that he was not present on the night of the murder. [75]

1920s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1920Frank Jordano, Louisiana. Convicted 1919. [76]
John Pender, Oregon. Convicted 1913, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Oswald West in 1914 after Oregon abolished capital punishment. In 1927, Pender was convicted of raping a 15-year-old girl and sentenced to life in prison. He died in prison in 1950. [77]
1928George Williams, Fred Dove, and Frank Dove, North Carolina. Convicted 1922, sentences commuted to life in prison by Governor Cameron A. Morrison in 1923. Codefendant William Hardison was also sentenced to death and executed in 1923. Prior to his execution, he confessed and said he had acted alone. [78] [79] [80] [81]
1929Anastacio Vargas, Texas. Convicted 1925, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Barry Miller in 1928. [82]
Joseph Weaver, Ohio. Convicted 1927. Weaver's codefendant, Alex Maynor, who'd received a life sentence after pleading guilty and testifying against Weaver, confessed that he had lied and falsely implicated Weaver. Weaver was promptly granted a retrial and acquitted. [83]

1930s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1930Gangi Cero, Massachusetts. Convicted 1927. [84]
Richard Phillips, Virginia. Convicted 1900, declared insane and sent to a mental hospital in 1901. [85]
1931William Harper, Virginia. Convicted 1931. Harper was falsely accused of rape by Dorothy Skaggs, a married white woman. Skaggs's motive for the accusation was allegedly to avoid prosecution under the Mann Act for drinking and dancing with another man. Her story fell apart within days after the trial. The judge ordered a new trial immediately and Harper was acquitted a month later after just 32 minutes of deliberation. Skaggs and a friend who testified for the prosecution, Catherine Ketchum, were both arrested and charged with perjury. On July 2, 1931, Skaggs was convicted of perjury and sentenced to five years in prison. However, she was granted a retrial on appeal and acquitted on September 19, 1931. Ketchum's perjury trial ended in a hung jury. The charges against her were dropped after Skaggs was acquitted. [86]
1933Harry Cashin, New York. Convicted 1931. [87]
Edward Larkman, New York. Convicted 1926, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Al Smith in 1927. [88]
1936Gus Langley, North Carolina. Convicted 1932, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor John C. B. Ehringhaus in 1933 and paroled in 1934. [89]
1937Eugene Williams, Willie Roberson, Ozie Powell, Olen Montgomery, and Leroy Wright, Alabama. Convicted 1931. Ozie Powell remained in prison for another conviction until 1943. In 1959, Leroy Wright murdered his wife and then killed himself after finding her at the home of another man. [90] [91] [92] [93]
1938Ayliff Draper, Arkansas. Convicted 1935, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1936. Codefendant Roy House was also sentenced to death and executed in 1936. Prior to his execution, he confessed and said he had acted alone. [94]
Tom Jones, Kentucky. Convicted 1935. Jones said his pistol had accidentally went during a struggle with the victim, who was his wife and whom he said had threatened to kill herself. [95]
1939 Thomas Mooney, California. Convicted 1917, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor William Stephens in 1918. [96]

1940s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1940George Bilger, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1938. [97]
1942Walter Woodward, Jack Williamson, and Charlie Davis, Florida. Convicted 1933. [98] [99] [100]
1943William Wellmon, North Carolina. Convicted 1942. [101]
1945Charles Bernstein, District of Columbia. Convicted 1933, sentence commuted to life in prison by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1935, conditionally pardoned in 1940. [102]
1946Sidney Rudish and Morris Malinski, New York. Convicted 1943. [103] [104]
1948Lemuel Parrott, North Carolina. Convicted 1947. [105]
1949Clyde Beale, West Virginia. Convicted 1926, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor William G. Conley in 1929, conditionally pardoned in 1933. [106]

1950s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1951 Horace Wilson, James Thorpe, John McKenzie, and McKinley Forrest, New Jersey. Convicted 1948. [107] [108] [109] [110] Codefendant Ralph Cooper later pleaded no contest and implicated them. [111]
1952Silas Rogers, Virginia. Convicted 1943, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor John S. Battle in 1945. [112]
1953George Lettrich, Illinois. Convicted 1951. [113]
1955 Joseph Taborsky, Connecticut. Convicted 1951. Taborsky later murdered five people and confessed to the murder that initially sent him to death row. He was executed for the subsequent murders in 1960. [114]
1956Camilo Leyra, New York. Convicted 1950. [115]
1957L.D. Harris, South Carolina. Convicted 1947, released after conviction was vacated in 1949. The actual murderer was found to be serial killer Monroe Hickson. In 1957, Hickson pleaded guilty to the murders and two other murders to avoid a possible death sentence and was sentenced to life in prison. In 1966, Hickson escaped from custody while working in the prison's outside yard. He died a free man in 1968. [116]
Aaron Turner, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1946, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1953. [117]
1958Harry Dale Bundy, Ohio. Convicted 1957. The actual murderer, Russell McCoy, who was suspected of murdering a total of four people, was convicted of a separate murder and sentenced to life in prison. He was paroled in 1986. [118]
James Fulton Foster, Georgia. Convicted 1956. [119]

1960s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1961 Thomas Mooney, California. Convicted 1916, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1918. [120]
1962Robert Lee Kidd, California. Convicted 1960. [121]
James Fair Jr., Georgia. Convicted 1960. Fair, a black man, had been coerced into pleading guilty to the rape and murder of an 8-year-old black girl named Yvonne Holmes just two days after his arrest. Fair, who had no lawyer present, had pleaded guilty after being told that it was his only hope of avoiding a death sentence. In 1961, the Supreme Court of Georgia granted him a new trial, finding that his civil rights had been violated. The charges against Fair were dropped in 1962. [122] [123]
Isidore Zimmerman, New York. Convicted 1938, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Herbert H. Lehman in 1939. [124] [125]
1963Samuel Tito Williams, New York. Convicted 1948, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Thomas E. Dewey in 1949. [126]
1965Theodore Jordan, Oregon. Convicted 1932, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Julius Meier in 1934. [127]
1966Robert Ballard Bailey, West Virginia. Convicted 1950, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Okey Patteson in 1951, conditionally pardoned by Governor Cecil H. Underwood in 1960. Prior to her death, the victim had said her attacker was "Bob the glass cutter." This resulted in Robert Bailey, who was also known as Bob and worked as a glass cutter, becoming a suspect. [128]
1967James Giles and John Giles, Maryland. Convicted 1961, sentences commuted to life in prison by Governor J. Millard Tawes in 1963. [129] [130]
1968Joseph Johnson, Maryland. Convicted 1962, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor J. Millard Tawes in 1963. [131]
1969Paul Kern Imbler, California. Convicted 1961. [132]

1970s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1971Lloyd Eldon Miller, Illinois. Convicted 1956, released on bail in 1967. [133]
1973Dave Roby Keaton, Florida. Convicted 1971. Remained in prison until 1979 for armed robbery. [134]
1974Anthony Carey, North Carolina. Convicted 1973. The real murderer was found to be Anthony's brother, Albert Carey. In 1974, Albert Carey was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to death. In 1976, his sentence was commuted to life in prison as a result of Woodson v. North Carolina. [135] Albert Carey was paroled in 2007 and discharged from parole in 2012. [136]
1975 Freddie Pitts and Wilbur Lee, Florida. Convicted 1963, sentences commuted to life in prison in 1972. [137]
Clarence Smith Jr., Ronald Keine, Richard Greer, and Thomas Gladish, New Mexico. Convicted 1974. In 1975, the real murderer, Kerry Rodney Lee, confessed and turned himself in. In 1977, Lee pleaded guilty to second degree murder and was sentenced to 15 to 55 years in prison. [138] [139] [140] [141] [142]
Christopher Spicer, North Carolina. Convicted 1973. [143]
James Creamer, Georgia. Convicted 1973, commuted to life in prison in 1973. [144]
1976Clarence Norris, Alabama. Convicted 1931, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Bibb Graves in 1938, paroled in 1946. [145]
1977 Delbert Tibbs, Florida. Convicted in 1974. [146] [147] [148]
1978Earl Patrick Charles, Georgia. Convicted 1975. [149]
Gary Radi, Montana. Convicted 1975. [150]
1979Gary Beeman, Ohio. Convicted 1976. [151]

1980s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1980Jerry Banks, Georgia. Convicted 1975. In 1981, Jerry Banks murdered his wife, Virginia Banks, and then killed himself. Jerry had recently agreed to grant his wife custody of their three children after she filed for divorce. [152] [153]
Larry Hicks, Indiana. Convicted 1978. Codefendant Bernard Skates told fellow inmates that he had acted alone, but hanged himself in jail before he could testify. [154] [155]
1981Michael Linder, South Carolina. Convicted 1979. Linder, a white man charged with murdering a black police officer, was acquitted after arguing self-defense. The prosecution claimed that he had planted the spent cartridges. In 1987, Linder kidnapped, beat, and raped a young woman, then beat a 16-year-old boy who tried to intervene. He then forced the woman into his car and drove away while drunk. Minutes later, he hit a car occupied by three women head-on, killing one. Linder was convicted of kidnapping and assault and sentenced to life in prison. [156] [157]
Johnny Ross, Louisiana. Convicted 1975, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1977. [158]
1982Lawyer Johnson, Massachusetts. Convicted 1972, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1974. [159]
1986Anthony Silah Brown, Florida. Convicted 1983. [160]
Neil Ferber, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1981. [161]
Clifford Henry Bowen, Oklahoma. Convicted 1981. [162]
1987

William Jackson Marion, Nebraska. Executed 1887. The victim was later found alive. [163]

Joseph Green Brown. Florida. Convicted 1974. In 2012, Brown was charged with the murder of his wife in North Carolina. In 2013, he pleaded guilty to second degree murder and was sentenced to 15 to 19 years in prison. [164] [165] [166]
Perry Cobb and Darby J. Tillis. Illinois. Convicted 1979. The primary witness in the case, Phyllis Santini, was determined to be an accomplice of the real murderer by the Illinois Supreme Court. The judge in the case, Thomas J. Maloney, was later convicted of accepting bribes. [167] [168]
Juan Ramos, Florida. Convicted 1983. [169]
Robert Wallace, Georgia. Convicted 1980. [170]
Anthony Ray Peek, Florida. Convicted 1978. Peek remains in prison, where he is serving a life sentence for an unrelated 1977 rape conviction. [171] [172] [173]
1988Robert Craig Cox, Florida. Convicted 1988. After his acquittal, Cox was returned to California to finish a prison sentence for kidnapping. In 1995, Cox was arrested for holding a gun on a 12-year-old girl during a robbery in Texas. He was convicted of aggravated robbery and sentenced to life in prison on account of his three prior felony convictions, one for kidnapping and two for assault with a deadly weapon. Cox remains a suspect in the 1992 disappearances of a mother and two teenage girls and a separate abduction in Texas. [172]
Willie Brown and Larry Troy, Florida. Convicted 1983. Brown, who was serving a 20-year sentence for robbery, was released from prison in 1988. Troy, who was serving a 25-year sentence for another murder, was released from prison in 1990. Both men were later sent back to prison for robbery. The charges against the men were dropped when a chief witness for the prosecution, Frank Wise, recanted after being offered a $2,000 bribe by anti-death penalty activist Esther Lichtenfels. Lichtenfels recorded Wise accepting the bribe. [174] [175]
1989 Randall Dale Adams, Texas. Convicted 1977, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1980. He was exonerated as a result of information uncovered by film-maker Errol Morris and presented in an acclaimed 1988 documentary The Thin Blue Line. Adams was released and all charges were dropped in December 1988. The real murderer, 16-year-old Davis Ray Harris, had been the chief prosecution witness against Adams. Harris was later sentenced to death for another murder in 1985 and executed in 2004. [176] [177]
Bonnie Erwin, Texas. Convicted 1984. Erwin, the leader of the criminal enterprise responsible for the murders, remains in prison, where he is serving a life sentence for related federal racketeering charges. [178]
James Joseph Richardson, Florida. Convicted 1968, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1972. The real murderer was found to be Bessie Reece, the babysitter of the victims, who were Richardson's seven children. Reece died of Alzheimer's disease in a nursing home in 1992. [179]

1990s

YearDetails of Exoneration
1990 Clarence Brandley, Texas. Convicted 1981. [180]
Dale Johnston, Ohio. Convicted 1984. The real murderer was found to be Chester McKnight, who was serving a 12-year sentence for sex crimes against children. In 2008, McKnight pleaded guilty to two counts of aggravated murder to avoid the death penalty and was sentenced to life in prison. Another man, Kenny Linscott, pleaded guilty to abuse of a corpse and was sentenced to time served. [181]
1991Gary Nelson, Georgia. Convicted 1980. [182]
Charles Smith, Indiana. Convicted 1983. [183]
1992 Jay C. Smith, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1986. Smith, whose conviction had been overturned due to prosecutorial misconduct and was protected from a retrial under double jeopardy, later lost multiple civil suits that his conviction was not unjust. [184] An appellate court stated that, "Our confidence in Smith's convictions for the murder of Susan Reinert and her two children is not the least bit diminished." [3]
1993 Walter McMillian, Alabama. Convicted 1988. [185] [186]
Gregory Wilhoit, Oklahoma. Convicted 1987. Along with Ron Williamson, Wilhoit later became the subject of John Grisham's 2006 non-fiction book The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town . [187] [188]
Kirk Bloodsworth, Maryland. Convicted 1985, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1987. The real murderer was found to be Kimberly Shay Ruffner, who was serving a 45-year sentence for burglary, attempted rape, and assault with intent to murder. In 2004, Ruffner pleaded guilty to first degree murder to avoid the death penalty and received a life sentence, to be served consecutively with his other sentences. [189] [190]
Muneer Deeb, Texas. Convicted 1985. [191]
Larry Hudson, Louisiana. Convicted 1967, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1972. [192]
Federico Macias, Texas. Convicted 1984. [193]
James Albert Robison, Arizona. Convicted 1977. After his acquittal, Robison pleaded guilty in federal court for soliciting a fellow inmate to murder codefendant John Harvey Anderson while awaiting his retrial and was sentenced to five years in prison. He was released from prison in 1998. [194]
1994Andrew Golden, Florida. Convicted 1991. [195] In 1996, Golden was arrested for molesting two girls, ages 8 and 9, in Texas. He pleaded guilty to indecency with a child and was sentenced to 15 years in prison. [172]
1995 Robert Charles Cruz, Arizona. Convicted 1981. Cruz, an alleged crime boss, was murdered in 1997 and his remains were found in 2007. Codefendants Edward McCall Jr., William Bracy, and Murray Hooper remained on death row. McCall died on death row in 2000, Bracy died on death row in 2002, and Hooper was executed in 2022. [196] [197]
Rolando Cruz and Alejandro Hernandez, Illinois. Convicted 1985, Hernandez's sentence was commuted to 80 years imprisonment in 1991. Cruz became a suspect after lying to the police in an attempt to claim the $10,000 reward, while Hernandez became a suspect after falsely accusing two other men of the murder. The real murderer was found to be serial killer Brian Dugan, who was serving a life sentence for the rape and murder of two women. In 2009, Dugan pleaded guilty to murder and was sentenced to death. In 2011, his sentence was commuted to life in prison by Governor Pat Quinn after Illinois abolished the death penalty. [198] [199]
Sabrina Butler, Mississippi. Convicted 1990. It is now speculated that the death of the victim, who was Butler's infant son, was caused by a kidney malady. However, no definitive cause of death was ever established. Butler's co-counsel said the case was that of manslaughter at best. Neither the jury at Butler's first trial nor her retrial were informed that she had previously lost custody of another child for abusing them. [200] [201]
Adolph Munson, Oklahoma. Convicted 1985. Munson remained in prison under a life sentence for a double murder in 1965 and died in prison in 2007. He became a suspect after fleeing from a work release program. [202]
1996 Verneal Jimerson and Dennis Williams, Illinois. Convicted 1985. Codefendants Kenneth Adams, Willie Rainge, and Paul Gray, who received prison terms ranging from 50 years to life in prison, were also exonerated. Gray had been released from prison under a plea agreement in 1987. The real murderers were found to be Arthur Robinson, Juan Rodriguez, Ira Johnson, and Dennis Johnson, the last of whom had died of a drug overdose in 1993. In 1997, Robinson, Rodriguez, and Ira Johnson all pleaded guilty to murder to avoid the death penalty and were sentenced to life in prison. Rodriguez's sentence was later reduced to 65 years on appeal. [203] [204]
Gary Gauger, Illinois. Convicted 1993, commuted to life in prison in 1994. Gauger's death sentence was immediately overturned after it was found that his lack of a criminal record had not been given enough weight as mitigation. The real murderers were found to be Outlaws Motorcycle Club members Randall E. Miller and James W. Schneider. Both men were tried for murder in aid of racketeering in federal court. In 1998, Schneider pleaded guilty and was sentenced to 45 years in prison. In 2000, Miller was convicted and sentenced to life in prison. [205]
Joseph Burrows, Illinois. Convicted 1989. Gayle Potter and codefendant Ralph Frye were sentenced to 5 and 10 years in prison, respectively, for perjury for giving false testimony against Burrows. Frye, who received a 23-year sentence for the murder, was also exonerated and released on time served. [206]
David Grannis, Arizona. Convicted 1991. The real murderer, codefendant Daniel Webster, was also sentenced to death. His sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1997. [207]
Troy Lee Jones, California. Convicted 1982. The real murderer was found to be Marlow Jones, who confessed to the murder. [208]
Carl Lawson, Illinois. Convicted 1990. The alleged real murderer, Milton Wilson, had since died from a drug overdose. [209]
Roberto Miranda, Nevada. Convicted 1982. [210]
1997 James Willie Cochran, Alabama. Convicted 1977. Cochran, who was on parole for murder at the time of the murder that sent him to death row, admitted to robbing the victim, but denied killing him. At his retrial, the jury convicted him of robbery, but acquitted him of murder, finding that the victim was killed by the police, who then framed Cochran. Cochran was released on time served. [211]
Ricardo Aldape Guerra, Texas. Convicted 1982. The evidence indicated that Guerra had still been an accomplice to the murder. However, he could not be retried since he had been indicted as the triggerman rather than as an accomplice under the law of parties. Guerra died in a car crash in Mexico four months later. [212]
Benjamin Harris, Washington. Convicted 1984. [213]
Robert Earl Hayes, Florida. Convicted 1991. In 2003, Hayes was arrested and charged with the 1987 murder of Leslie Dickenson in New York. Dickenson's death was initially ruled a suicide, but the case was reinvestigated after the 1990 murder in Florida that sent Hayes to death row. In 2004, Hayes pleaded guilty to manslaughter, arson, and burglary, and was sentenced to 15 to 45 years in prison. Florida prosecutors urged the New York Parole Board to not release Hayes, saying there was enough evidence to conclude that he was likely guilty of the 1990 murder even though there wasn't enough for a conviction. Hayes sought DNA testing to prove his innocence. However, in 2022, the results of the DNA tests proved his guilt in the murder. [2]
Christopher McCrimmon, Arizona. Convicted 1993. McCrimmon remained in prison until 2020 for attempted murder, armed robbery, aggravated assault, and burglary. Codefendant Andre Minnnit was also exonerated in 2002, remained in prison until 2025 for similar crimes. Codefendant Martin Raul Soto-Fong was also sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 2005 since he was 17 at the time of the murders. [214] [215]
Larry Randal Padgett, Alabama. Convicted 1992. [216]
1998Curtis Kyles, Louisiana. Convicted 1984. [217]
1999 Shareef Cousin, Louisiana. Convicted 1996. Remained in prison until 2005 for related robbery convictions. [218]
Anthony Porter, Illinois. Convicted 1983. [219] In 2005, Porter lost a civil case after a jury found that his original conviction was justified. The 2014 documentary A Murder in the Park argued that Porter, who had been identified as the murderer by six eyewitnesses, was guilty, while Alstory Simon, who was initially said to be "real murderer" but was exonerated in 2014, was framed by Professor David Protess and his team from Northwestern University, who sought to undermine the death penalty in Illinois rather than learn the actual truth about the murders. [220] Both witnesses, Simon's estranged wife and a paid actor, were paid by Protess and his team. Simon's estranged wife later recanted her statements. [221]
Ron Williamson, Oklahoma. Convicted 1988. Along with Gregory R. Wilhoit, Williamson later became the inspiration for and subject of John Grisham's 2006 non-fiction book The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town. Codefendant Dennis Fritz, who was serving a life sentence, was also exonerated. The real murderer was found to be Glen Dale Gore. In 2003, Gore was convicted of first degree murder and sentenced to death. In 2006, his sentence was reduced to life in prison without parole after a retrial. [187]
Ronald Jones, Illinois. Convicted 1989. [222]
Clarence Richard Dexter Jr., Missouri. Convicted 1991. [223]
Alfred Rivera, North Carolina. Convicted 1997. In 2001, Rivera was sentenced to life in prison for related federal drug trafficking charges. The life sentence was imposed on account of his prior convictions. Rivera was released from prison under the First Step Act in 2019. [224]
Steven Smith, Illinois. Convicted 1986. [225]

2000s

YearDetails of Exoneration
2000 Earl Washington Jr., Virginia. Convicted 1984, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Douglas Wilder in 1994. Remained in prison until 2001 for burglary and malicious wounding. The real murderer was found to be Kenenth Tinsley, who was serving a life sentence for rape. In 2007, Tinsley pleaded guilty to capital murder and rape to avoid the death penalty. As part of his plea agreement, Tinsley received two consecutive life sentences and agreed to waive his right to become eligible for parole. [226]
Frank Lee Smith, Florida. Convicted 1985. Exoneration was posthumous for Smith, who died in prison earlier that year. Smith became a suspect since he had two prior homicide convictions, the first for manslaughter when he was 13 and the second for first degree murder when he was 18, and was on parole for his second conviction at the time of the murder. The real murderer was found to be serial killer Eddie Mosley. Mosley was not tried since he had been found incompetent to stand trial. [227] [228]
Eric Clemmons, Missouri. Convicted 1987. Clemmons remains in prison, where he is serving a life sentence for another murder. [229]
Hubert Geralds Jr., Illinois. Convicted 1997. Geralds, a serial killer, remained on death row for five other murders, but had his sentence commuted to life in prison in 2003. The real murderer in the specific case for which Geralds was wrongfully convicted was found to be serial killer Andre Crawford. [230]
Michael Graham, Louisiana. Convicted 1987. [231]
Joseph Green, Florida. Convicted 1993. [232]
Oscar Morris, California. Convicted 1983. Morris, who had pleaded guilty to second degree murder and voluntary manslaughter in two other cases, was released on time served. [233]
William Nieves, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1994. [234]
2001John Snowden, Maryland, Executed 1919. Executed 1944. Posthumously pardoned. [235]
Charles Irvin Fain, Idaho. Convicted 1983. The real murderer was found to be David Dalrymple, who was serving 20 years to life for kidnapping, lewd conduct with minor, and sexual abuse of minor. In 2024, Dalrymple pleaded guilty to first degree murder and rape to avoid the death penalty and was sentenced to life in prison. [236]
Albert Burrell, Louisiana. Convicted 1987. [237]
Gary Drinkard, Alabama. Convicted 1995. [238]
Louis Greco, Peter Limone, and Enrico Tameleo, Massachusetts. Convicted 1968, sentences commuted to life in prison in 1972. Exonerations were posthumous for Tameleo and Greco, who had died in prison in 1985 and 1995, respectively. Codefendants Wilfred French and Joe Salvati, who both received life sentences, were also exonerated. [239] [240] [241]
Joaquin Jose Martinez, Florida. Convicted 1997. [242]
Donald Paradis, Idaho. Convicted 1981, sentence commuted to life in prison by Governor Phil Batt in 1996. In 2001, Paradis, who had still helped hide the bodies of the victims, pleaded guilty to being an accessory after the fact to first degree murder. He was resentenced to five years in prison and released on time served. [243]
2002 Juan Roberto Melendez-Colon, Florida. Convicted 1984. [244]
Ray Krone, Arizona. Convicted 1992, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1996. The real murderer was found to be Kenneth Phillips, who was in prison for kidnapping and attempted child molestation. In 2006, Phillips pleaded guilty to first degree murder to avoid the death penalty and was sentenced to life in prison. [245] [246]
Thomas Kimbell, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1998. [247]
Andre Minnitt, Arizona. Convicted 1993. [248] Minnitt remained in prison until 2025 for attempted murder, armed robbery, aggravated assault, and burglary. Codefendant Christopher McCrimmon had been exonerated in 1997, but remained in prison until 2021 for similar crimes. Codefendant Martin Raul Soto-Fong was also sentenced to death, but his death sentence was commuted to life in prison in 2005 since he was 17 at the time of the murders. [215]
Larry Osborne, Kentucky. Convicted 1999. The testimony of a friend who implicated Osborne in the murder was suppressed since he'd drowned in a swimming accident prior to the trial. As such, the Kentucky Supreme Court ruled that the introduction of this testimony had violated the Confrontation Clause. There is evidence that Osborne and his mother staged a phony 911 call to the police in order to divert police attention to another potential perpetrator. [249] In addition, a pair of wire-cutters found on a table outside Osborne's bedroom was recognized by the son of the victims as a tool that he'd seen at his father's home. However, Osborne's father claimed that the wire-cutters were his. [250]
2003 Nicholas Yarris, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1982. Yarris became a suspect after falsely accusing another man of the murder. He was released from prison in 2004 after a 30-year sentence he received for armed robbery and false imprisonment in Florida after escaping from custody in 1985 was reduced to time served. [251]
John Thompson, Louisiana. Convicted 1985. [252]
Joseph Amrine, Missouri. Convicted 1986. Amrine was under a separate 15-year sentence for first degree robbery, burglary, and forgery. He was released on time served. [253] [254]
Madison Hobley, Illinois. Convicted 1990, pardoned on account of confession being obtained under torture. [255]
Rudolph Holton, Florida. Convicted 1986. In 2003, Flemmie Birkins and Johnny Newsome both pleaded guilty to perjury for giving false testimony against Holton and were sentenced to 13 years and 14 years in prison, respectively. In 2004, Holton pleaded guilty to aggravated battery for striking the woman with a golf club and to misdemeanor assault for a confrontation with a cousin. He was sentenced to two years in prison. In 2006, Holton, who now had 11 prior felony convictions, was convicted of attempted second degree murder and domestic battery for choking his wife and sentenced to 20 years in prison. [256]
Stanley Howard, Illinois. Convicted 1987, pardoned on account of confession being obtained under torture. [257] Howard remained in prison for rape and kidnapping until 2023. He maintained his innocence for these lesser crimes, but DNA tests confirmed his guilt. [258]
Timothy Howard, Ohio. Convicted 1977, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1978. [259]
Gary Lamar James, Ohio. Convicted 1977, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1978. [260]
Leroy Orange, Illinois. Convicted 1985, pardoned on account of confession being obtained under torture. Codefendant Leonard Kidd remained on death row, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 2003. [261]
Aaron Patterson, Illinois. Convicted 1989, pardoned on account of confession being obtained under torture. [262]
Lemuel Prion, Arizona. Convicted 1999. Prion, who'd previously served time in prison for raping a 15-year-old girl, was returned to Utah to finish serving a sentence for aggravated assault and possession of a dangerous weapon in a correctional facility. [263] [264] On August 27, 2023, Prion was shot and killed by Sage Daves in Utah. In 2025, Daves, who said Prion had lunged at him with a pitchfork during an argument after threatening to kill him, pleaded guilty to manslaughter and was sentenced to 1 to 15 years in prison. [265]
Wesley Quick, Alabama. Convicted 1997. Quick was retried for three related burglaries. In 2003, he pleaded guilty to three counts of first degree burglary and was sentenced to 76 years in prison. The severity of the sentence was based on the fact that the weapons stolen in the burglaries were used to commit the murders. [266] [267]
2004 Alan Gell, North Carolina. Convicted 1995. Two 15-year-old girls, Crystal Morris and Shanna Hall, had received 10-years sentences for second degree murder after pleading guilty and testifying Gell, who was known for illegally having sex with teenage girls and had a prior conviction for statutory rape, in a plea agreement. Morris later recanted her testimony. In 2006, Gell pleaded guilty to statutory rape for impregnating a girl when he was 15 and was sentenced to five years in prison. [268]
Ernest Willis, Texas. Convicted 1987. It is now believed that the deaths of the victims, who died in a fire, were caused by an accident. [269]
Ryan Matthews, Louisiana. Convicted 1999. The real murderer is now believed to be Rondell Love, who was serving a 20-year sentence for manslaughter. [270]
Laurence Adams, Massachusetts. Convicted 1974, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1975. Codefendant Harry Ambers was also sentenced to death, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison in 1975. Police withheld a statement from Ambers that he and his brother, Warren Ambers, had acted alone. [271]
Dan L. Bright, Louisiana. Convicted 1996. [272]
Patrick Croy, California. Convicted 1979, released in 1990 after his most serious convictions were overturned. A jury found that he had killed the victim, police officer Jesse Hitson, in self-defense. Croy had used an intoxication defense at his original trial. [273]
Gordon Steidl, Illinois. Convicted 1987, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1999. [274]
2005Derrick Jamison, Ohio. Convicted 1985. [275]
Harold C. Wilson, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1989. [276]
2007Curtis McCarty, Oklahoma. Convicted 1986. [277]
Jonathon Hoffman, North Carolina. Convicted 1996. [278]
Michael Lee McCormick, Tennessee. Convicted 1987. [279]
2008Kennedy Brewer, Mississippi. Convicted 1995. [280]
Glen Edward Chapman, North Carolina. Convicted 1995. [281]
Levon Jones, North Carolina. Convicted 1993. [282]
Michael Blair, Texas. Convicted 1994. [283] [284] Blair remains in prison, where he is serving four life sentences for raping four children, including those of a witness who testified against him in the murder case. Blair has admitted his guilt in the rapes. [285]
2009Herman Lindsey, Florida. Convicted 2006.
Nathson Fields, Illinois. Convicted 1986, sentence commuted to life in prison in 2003. [286]
Paul House, Tennessee. Convicted 1986. [287] [288]
Daniel Wade Moore, Alabama. Convicted 2002. [289]
Ronald Kitchen, Illinois. Convicted 1988, sentence commuted to life in prison in 2003. [290]
Michael Toney, Texas. Convicted 1999. Toney died in a car accident on October 3, 2009, just one month and a day after his exoneration. [291]
Yancy Douglas, Oklahoma. Convicted 1995. [292]
Paris Powell, Oklahoma. Convicted 1997. [293]
Robert Springsteen, Texas. Convicted 2001, sentence commuted to life in prison in 2005. Codefendant Michael Scott, who received a life sentence, was also exonerated, The real murderer was found to be serial killer Robert Eugene Brashers, who killed himself in 1999. [294]

2010s

YearDetails of Exoneration
2010 Anthony Charles Graves, Texas. Convicted 1994. Codefendant Robert Earl Carter was also sentenced to death and executed in 2000. At his execution, Carter confessed and said he had acted alone. [295]
2011 Joe Arridy, Colorado. Executed 1939. Posthumously pardoned. Codefendant Francisco Aguilar was also sentenced to death and executed in 1937. Prior to his execution, Aguilar said he had acted alone and only implicated Arridy in his confession under coercion. [296]
Gussie Vann, Tennessee. Convicted 1984. [297] The death of the victim, who was Vann's 8-year-old daughter, is now believed to have been caused by her falling on a bed sheet tied to a drawer of the dresser in a knot that was extremely tight. Vann remains in prison, where he is serving a 50-year sentence for two related aggravated rape convictions. After being wrongfully accused of murder, Vann had been truthfully accused of rape by his 12-year-old niece, who said he raped her twice. Vann pleaded guilty in this case. [298]
2012 Damon Thibodeaux, Louisiana. Convicted 1997. [299]
Seth Penalver, Florida. Convicted 1994. [300]
Joe D'Ambrosio, Ohio. Convicted 1989. [301]
Dale Johnston, Ohio. Convicted 1984, case dismissed in 1990. [302] [303]
2013 Haywood Patterson, Charlie Weems, and Andy Wright, Alabama. Convicted 1931, sentences commuted to 75 to 99 years in prison in 1937/1938. Weems was paroled in 1943, Wright was paroled in 1944, and Patterson escaped from prison in 1949. After violating his parole, Wright was returned to prison until 1950. Patterson was later found living in Michigan, but the governor refused to extradite him. In 1951, Patterson was convicted of manslaughter for killing a man during a fight. He was sentenced to six to 15 years in prison and died in prison in 1952.
Reginald Griffin, Missouri. Convicted 1983, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1993. Griffin was under a separate 20-year sentence for armed assault. He was released on time served. [304] [305]
2014 Glenn Ford, Louisiana. Convicted 1984. [306]
Carl Dausch, Florida. Convicted 2011. In 2006, Dausch, who was serving a 60-year sentence in Indiana for 1990 convictions for rape, criminal confinement, and battery when he was tied to the scene of the murder, which was committed in 1987, with DNA on a cigarette found in the victim's car. Dausch attempted to hang himself prior to jury selection, suggesting consciousness of guilt. Dausch said he hitchhiked a ride with the person whom he said must've been actual murderer. However, this was inconsistent with the testimony of an eyewitness that he saw only one person, whom he thought was Dasuch. The Supreme Court of Florida ruled 6-1 that the evidence was insufficient. Dausch remained in prison for his other crimes until 2018. [307] [308]
Henry McCollum and Leon Brown, North Carolina. Convicted 1984, Brown's sentence commuted to life in prison in 1992. The real murderer was found to be Roscoe Artis, who was initially on death row for another murder before having his sentence reduced to life in prison on appeal. Artis died in prison in 2020. [309]
Ricky Jackson, Ronnie Bridgeman, and Wiley Bridgeman, Ohio. Convicted 1975, Jackson's sentences commuted to life in prison in 1977/1978. Ronnie Bridgeman had been paroled in 2003. [310] [311]
George Stinney Jr., South Carolina. Executed 1944. Conviction overturned posthumously. [312]
2015 Debra Milke, Arizona. Convicted 1990. [313] Codefendants James Lynn Styers and Roger Mark Scott remain on death row. In 2020, Milke lost a civil suit claiming wrongful conviction. A federal judge found that Milke had repeatedly and intentionally tampered with evidence in the case, destroying evidence that could potentially incriminate her. [314] Scott maintains that Milke was the mastermind of the murder. [315]
Anthony Ray Hinton, Alabama. Convicted 1985. [316]
Willie Manning, Mississippi. Convicted 1996. Manning remains on death row for a double murder. [317]
Alfred Brown, Texas. Convicted 2005. [318]
Lawrence William Lee, Georgia. Convicted 1987. Lee remains in prison, where he is serving a life sentence for another murder. [319]
Derral Wayne Hodgkins, Florida. Convicted 2013. [320]
2017Isaiah McCoy, Delaware. Convicted 2010, sentence commuted to life in prison in 2016. [321] McCoy had previously told a prison guard that he was a murderer, albeit this was not used as evidence against him. [322] In 2025, McCoy was sentenced to life in prison for federal sex trafficking charges in Hawaii. [323]
Rodricus Crawford, Louisiana. Convicted 2013. It is now believed that the death of the victim, who was Crawford's 1-year-old son, had died from bronchopneumonia and sepsis. [324]
Ralph Wright, Florida. Convicted 2014. [325]
Rickey Newman, Arkansas. Convicted 2002. [326]
Gabriel Solache, Illinois. Convicted 2000, sentence commuted to life in prison in 2003. [327]
Robert Miller, Oklahoma. Convicted 1988, acquitted in 1998. The real murderer was found to be Ronald Lott, who was serving a 25-year sentence for rape and burglary. In 2002, Lott was convicted of two counts of first degree murder and sentenced to death. He was executed in 2013. [328]
2018Vicente Benavides, California. Convicted 1993. [329]
Clemente Aguirre-Jarquin, Florida. Convicted 2006. [330]
2019Paul Browning, Nevada. Convicted 1986. [331]
Clifford Williams, Florida. Convicted 1976, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1980. Codefendant Hubert Myers, who received a life sentence, was also exonerated. [332] [333]
Charles Finch, North Carolina. Convicted 1976, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1977. [334]
Christopher Williams, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1993. Williams was accused of six murders, convicted of four of them, and sentenced to death for three of his convictions. His convictions for the three murders for which he received death sentences were overturned in 2019, but he remained in prison until 2021, when his last murder conviction was also overturned. Williams was murdered in 2022. [335]

2020s

YearDetails of Exoneration
2020 Robert DuBoise, Florida. Convicted 1985, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1988. [336]
Curtis Flowers, Mississippi. Convicted 1997. [337]
Kareem Johnson, Pennsylvania. Convicted 2007. Johnson remains in prison, where he is serving a life sentence for another murder. [338]
Roderick Johnson, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1997. [339]
Walter Ogrod, Pennsylvania. Convicted 1996. [340]
2021Sherwood Brown, Mississippi. Convicted 1995. [341]
Eddie Lee Howard, Jr., Mississippi. Convicted 1994. [342]
Barry Williams, California. Convicted 1986. [343]
2023 Alexander McClay Williams, Pennsylvania. Executed 1931. Conviction overturned posthumously.
Glynn Simmons, Oklahoma. Convicted 1975, sentence commuted to life in prison in 1977. [344] [345]
2024 Celia, Missouri. Executed 1855. Posthumously pardoned. Celia killed her master in self-defense when he tried to rape her. [346]
2025Elwood Jones Jr., Ohio. Convicted 2025. [347]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Innocence: List of Those Freed from Death Row". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  2. 1 2 "Pamela Albertson 1990 murder: DNA retest concludes acquitted suspect Robert Earl Hayes was actually killer". CBS News. 2022-06-16. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
  3. 1 2 "Jay C. Smith, Appellantv.john J. Holtz, Bureau of Technical Services, Pennsylvania State Police; Ronald F. Coyler, Bureau of Technical Services, Pennsylvania State Police; Victor Dove; John J. Purcell, Special Agent in Charge, Central Regional Office, Bureau of Criminal Investigations, Office of the Attorney General; William J. Lander, Bureau of Criminal Investigations, Office of the Attorney General; Paul Yatron, 210 F.3d 186 (3d Cir. 2000)". Justia Law. Archived from the original on 2015-09-26. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  4. ↑ Alex T. Stewart (December 2, 1912). "Marriage of Indian Pair Is Romantic Climax to Grime Walpole Tragedy". The Times Herald . p. 2 – via Newspapers.com.
  5. ↑ "CROWN AUTHORITIES WITHDRAW CHARGE". The Sault Star . April 2, 1913 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ "Canada Hangs Killer in Indian Love Triangle". Detroit Free Press . January 3, 1941 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "CROWN AUTHORITIES WITHDRAW CHARGE". The Sault Star . April 2, 1913 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Article clipped from The Daily Standard". The Daily Standard. 1923-03-20. p. 9. Retrieved 2026-01-16.
  9. ↑ "Chisholm murder appeal 1927". The Gazette. 1927-06-14. p. 3. Retrieved 2026-01-18.
  10. ↑ "Sankey innocent 1928 pt1". Nanaimo Daily News. 1928-06-09. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-18.
  11. ↑ "Article clipped from The Gazette". The Gazette. 1928-06-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  12. ↑ "Article clipped from The Gazette". The Gazette. 1928-06-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  13. ↑ "SAVED AFTER SENTENCE OF DEATH PASSED". Papers Past. 1938-05-20. Retrieved 2026-01-18.
  14. ↑ "Supreme Court". The Ottawa Citizen. 1938-06-23. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-18.
  15. ↑ "Festa, Carmino article from 1943 The Gazette, Montreal, Quebec". The Gazette. 1943-09-22. p. 11. Retrieved 2026-01-16.
  16. ↑ "brother in law cleared of murder charge on appeal". The Times Record. 1943-12-31. p. 4. Retrieved 2026-01-16.
  17. ↑ "Saved from the gallows when the Ontario appeal court quashed a murder conviction against him". Digital Archive Ontario. 1944-11-25. Retrieved 2026-01-28.
  18. ↑ "Heritage Ajax-News Advertiser Insert, p. 23". Ajax Archives. 1982.
  19. ↑ McNeil, Mark (2025-10-23). "The strange and compelling story of Evelyn Dick". The Hamilton Spectator. ISSN   1189-9417 . Retrieved 2026-02-05.
  20. ↑ "Daily Times-Gazette, 22 Jun 1955, p. 1". Oshawa Public Libraries Heritage Collections. 1955-06-22.
  21. ↑ "charles heathman freed". The Brandon Sun. 1961-12-23. p. 2. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  22. ↑ "heathman arrested murder". The Brandon Sun. 1962-04-24. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  23. ↑ "Article clipped from The Vancouver Sun". The Vancouver Sun. 1962-04-21. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  24. ↑ "heathman committed to mental institution 10 May 1962". The Brandon Sun. 1962-05-10. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  25. ↑ "Article clipped from The Ottawa Citizen". The Ottawa Citizen. 1964-04-21. p. 22. Retrieved 2026-01-17.
  26. ↑ "Canada's wrongful convictions". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation . Canadian Broadcasting Company. 6 August 2009. Archived from the original on Sep 11, 2025.
  27. ↑ "Supreme Court Acquits Six People on Death Row Who Spent 16 Years in Jail". The Wire. 6 Mar 2019. Archived from the original on Feb 1, 2024. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  28. ↑ Mahapatra, Dhananjay (2019-03-06). "6 awarded death by SC in 2009, acquitted in 2019". The Times of India. ISSN   0971-8257. Archived from the original on 2024-02-01. Retrieved 2024-02-01.
  29. ↑ "President grants State's first posthumous pardon to man hanged for murder almost 75 years ago". BreakingNews.ie. 19 December 2015. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
  30. ↑ Fortin, Jacey (2018-04-06). "Hanged After a Trial He Couldn't Understand, and Pardoned 136 Years Later". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2018-05-21.
  31. ↑ Inbar, Zvi (1982). "The Killing of Meir Tobianski". IDF in Its Corps: Army and Security Encyclopedia (in Hebrew). Vol. 16. Revivim Publishing. p. 173.
  32. ↑ Nachman Ben-Yehuda (1992), Political Assassinations by Jews: A Rhetorical Device for Justice, ISBN   0-7914-1165-6, p. 266
  33. ↑ "⁨Detroit Jewish News⁩ | Page 4 | 4 May 1979 | Newspapers | The National Library of Israel". www.nli.org.il. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  34. ↑ Hedges, Chris (12 August 1993). "Israel recommends that Demjanjuk be released". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 January 2025.
  35. ↑ Hedges, Chris (30 July 1993). "Acquittal in Jerusalem; Israel court sets Demjanjuk free, but he is now without a country". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 January 2025.
  36. ↑ Hedges, Chris (12 August 1993). "Israel recommends that Demjanjuk be released". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 January 2025.
  37. ↑ Sturcke, James (12 May 2009). "Timeline: John Demjanjuk". The Guardian. Retrieved 21 January 2012.
  38. ↑ Hedges, Chris (12 August 1993). "Israel recommends that Demjanjuk be released". The New York Times . Retrieved 14 January 2025.
  39. 1 2 Hernon, Matthew (11 December 2020). "The Life of Sakae Menda, the Man who Spent 34 Years in Prison for Crime He Didn't Commit". Tokyo Weekender. Archived from the original on 2022-05-27.
  40. ↑ McNeill, David; Mason, C.M. (2025-12-03). "One who has lived to tell the tale". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on Dec 31, 2019. Retrieved 2025-12-03.
  41. ↑ "Former death row inmate expresses concerns about ex-boxer's retrial". Mainichi Daily News. 2019-01-19. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2023. Retrieved 2025-12-03.
  42. ↑ Hirano, Keijo (2025-12-03). "Freed death row prisoner brings new life to group fighting capital punishment". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2023. Retrieved 2025-12-03.
  43. ↑ "Hakamata ruled not guilty". NHK WORLD-JAPAN. 26 September 2024. Archived from the original on 9 October 2024. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  44. ↑ "Hsichih Trio acquitted as 20-year murder case finally closed". Want Chinese Times. 31 August 2012.[ permanent dead link ]
  45. ↑ Pan, Jason (4 May 2016). "Cheng Hsing-tse freed from death row". Taipei Times. Archived from the original on Feb 18, 2025.
  46. ↑ Mary Westlake v Criminal Cases Review Commission [2004] EWHC 2779(Admin) (17 November 2004), High Court (England and Wales). It includes a segment from the Hansard transcript of Jenkins's decision to recommend a pardon in the House of Commons.
  47. ↑ "Hanged man's pardon 'inadequate'". BBC News. British Broadcasting Corporation. 16 November 2004. Archived from the original on Jul 29, 2025. Retrieved 6 September 2010.
  48. ↑ Shakespeare, Andrew-Paul (2019-01-23). "Timothy Evans: An Innocent Man Hanged for Murder he did not Commit". Medium. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2023. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  49. ↑ "Open verdict on hanged man's son". BBC . BBC News. 22 October 2003. Archived from the original on Nov 28, 2023. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  50. ↑ "Court of Appeal judgment [1998] EWCA Crim 2516 (30 July 1998)". Bailii.org. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  51. ↑ "Burial service for innocent man". 2006-03-28. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  52. ↑ "Innocence Database".
  53. ↑ "Criteria for Inclusion on DPI's Innocence List". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  54. ↑ "Jesse Boorn". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Feb 16, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  55. ↑ "Stephen Boorn". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Sep 9, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  56. ↑ Pachciarek, Anne. "Thomas Berdue". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Apr 20, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  57. ↑ Cousino, Meghan. "William Woods". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Jun 19, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  58. ↑ Warden, Rob. "Michael Sabol". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Apr 21, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  59. ↑ Warden, Rob. "George Rusnak". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Apr 27, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  60. ↑ "Will Purvis | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  61. ↑ "Michael J. Synon | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  62. ↑ Cousino, Meghan. "Henry Miller". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Mar 27, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  63. ↑ Cousino, Meghan. "Samuel Greason". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Dec 3, 2024. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  64. ↑ "Article clipped from Knoxville Sentinel". Knoxville Sentinel. 1907-11-25. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-12-14.
  65. ↑ "1908 02 25 4th trial verdict". The Chattanooga News. 1908-02-25. p. 9. Retrieved 2025-12-14.
  66. ↑ "Article clipped from Knoxville Sentinel". Knoxville Sentinel. 1907-11-25. p. 3. Retrieved 2025-12-14.
  67. ↑ Spitzer, Doug. "David Sherman". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Sep 14, 2024. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  68. ↑ Warden, Ron. "Andrew Toth". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Aug 19, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  69. ↑ Cruz, Beth. "Stearns Kendall Abbott". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Jan 23, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  70. ↑ Lofquist, Bill (2021-04-24). "Henry Scott". The Federal Death Penalty Project. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
  71. ↑ Cousino, Meghan. "J.B. Brown". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Mar 28, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  72. ↑ Kull, Sarah. "John McElwrath". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Aug 4, 2024. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  73. ↑ Kull, Sarah; Kennedy, Dolores. "Herman Zajicek". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on May 14, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  74. ↑ Cunningham, Kerry. "Charles Stielow". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on May 13, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  75. ↑ "Joe Bowles | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  76. ↑ "Frank Jordano".
  77. ↑ "John Pender | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  78. ↑ "The News and Observer 1923". The News and Observer. 1923-04-28. p. 12. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  79. ↑ "George Williams | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  80. ↑ "Fred Dove | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  81. ↑ "Frank Dove | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  82. ↑ "Anastacio Vargas | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  83. ↑ "Joseph Weaver | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  84. ↑ "Gangi Cero". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Aug 1, 2024.
  85. ↑ "Richard Phillips | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  86. ↑ "William Harper | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-18.
  87. ↑ "Harry Cashin". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Feb 10, 2025.
  88. ↑ "Edward Larkman". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Aug 9, 2024.
  89. ↑ "Gus Langley | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
  90. ↑ "Eugene Williams". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Mar 17, 2025.
  91. ↑ "Willie Roberson". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Aug 12, 2025.
  92. ↑ "Ozie Powell". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Jun 19, 2025.
  93. ↑ "Olen Montgomery". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Jul 9, 2025.
  94. ↑ "Ayliff Draper | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  95. ↑ "Tom Jones | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  96. ↑ "Thomas J. Mooney".
  97. ↑ "George Bilger".
  98. ↑ "Walter Woodward".
  99. ↑ "Jack Williamson".
  100. ↑ "Charlie Davis".
  101. ↑ "William Wellmon".
  102. ↑ "Charles Bernstein | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  103. ↑ "Sidney Rudish".
  104. ↑ "Morris Malinski".
  105. ↑ "Lemuel Parrott | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  106. ↑ "Clyde Beale | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  107. ↑ "Horace Wilson".
  108. ↑ "James Thorpe".
  109. ↑ "John McKenzie".
  110. ↑ "McKinley Forrest".
  111. ↑ "1948: The Trenton Six". capitalcentury.com. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  112. ↑ "Silas Rogers | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
  113. ↑ "George Lettrich".
  114. ↑ Demeusy, Gerald (1957-03-02). "Taborsky Confesses to Six Holdup Slayings; Also Admits Killing of Wolfson in 1950". Hartford Courant . p. 1. Archived from the original on 2025-04-26. Retrieved 2025-04-26– via Newspapers.com.
  115. ↑ "Camilo Leyra | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  116. ↑ "L.D. Harris | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  117. ↑ "Aaron Turner | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  118. ↑ "Harry Dale Bundy | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-12.
  119. ↑ "James Fulton Foster".
  120. ↑ Kennedy, Dolores. "Warren K. Billings". National Registry of Exonerations Pre 1989. University of Michigan Law School . Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  121. ↑ "Robert Lee Kidd".
  122. ↑ "Fair v. Balkcom". Justia Law. Archived from the original on 2015-10-10. Retrieved 2026-01-28.
  123. ↑ McDonald, Corey (2019-01-29). "Film shows how an innocent Bayonne man was saved from lynching in 1960 Georgia". nj. Retrieved 2026-01-28.
  124. ↑ "Isidore Zimmerman | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
  125. ↑ Rubiner, Betsy (26 October 1982). "Back from the almost-dead: Izzy Zimmerman and the electric chair". The Boston Phoenix. Retrieved 27 September 2024.
  126. ↑ Thomas, Robert (1973-02-18). "Man Freed in Slaying Wins Damages". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  127. ↑ "Theodore Jordan".
  128. ↑ "Robert Ballard Bailey | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-19.
  129. ↑ "James Giles".
  130. ↑ "John Giles".
  131. ↑ "Joseph Johnson".
  132. ↑ "Paul Kern Imbler".
  133. ↑ "Lloyd Eldon Miller".
  134. ↑ "Dave Roby Keaton".
  135. ↑ "Anthony Carey | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  136. ↑ "NC DAC Offender Public Information". webapps.doc.state.nc.us. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  137. ↑ sanderson04 (2016-01-22). "Freddie Lee Pitts (1937-2020)". witnesstoinnocence. Retrieved 2022-02-15.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  138. ↑ "Clarence Smith Jr. | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  139. ↑ "Ronald Keine | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  140. ↑ "Richard Greer | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  141. ↑ "Thomas Gladish | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  142. ↑ "Article clipped from Albuquerque Journal". Albuquerque Journal. 1978-06-17. p. 1. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  143. ↑ "Christopher Spicer | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  144. ↑ "James Creamer | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  145. ↑ "Clarence Norris".
  146. ↑ Tibbs, Delbert Lee (2001). "Studs Terkel: Will The Circle Be Unbroken, Center on Wrongful Convictions". Northwestern University School of Law . Retrieved 2014-03-13.
  147. ↑ "Exoneree, Center on Wrongful Convictions: Northwestern Pritzker School of Law". www.law.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  148. ↑ "Delbert Tibbs".
  149. ↑ "Earl Patrick Charles | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-20.
  150. ↑ "Gary Radi".
  151. ↑ "Gary Beeman".
  152. ↑ "Jerry Banks".
  153. ↑ "Jerry Banks, who spent six years on death row... - UPI Archives". UPI. 1981-03-30. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  154. ↑ "Larry Hicks".
  155. ↑ "Article clipped from The Star Press". The Star Press. 1979-11-25. p. 39. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  156. ↑ "Michael Linder".
  157. ↑ "Article clipped from The State". The State. 1990-02-15. p. 25. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  158. ↑ "Johnny Ross".
  159. ↑ "Lawyer Johnson".
  160. ↑ "Anthony Silah Brown".
  161. ↑ "Neil Ferber".
  162. ↑ "Clifford Henry Bowen".
  163. ↑ "William Jackson Marion". The National Registry of Exonerations. Archived from the original on Jul 19, 2025. Retrieved Dec 5, 2025.
  164. ↑ "Former death row inmate now charged in wife's killing". Fox News. September 17, 2012
  165. ↑ "Joseph "Shabaka" Green Brown". National Registry of Exonerations, University of California-Irvine.
  166. ↑ "Convicted murderer apologizes to victim's family in court". WBTV | On Your Side. 2013-09-12. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  167. ↑ .Chicago_Tribune. November 13th, 2014
  168. ↑ "Exoneree, Center on Wrongful Convictions: Northwestern Pritzker School of Law". www.law.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  169. ↑ "Juan Ramos".
  170. ↑ "Robert Wallace".
  171. ↑ "Anthony Ray Peek".
  172. 1 2 3 "The 13 other survivors and their stories". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  173. ↑ "Inmate Population Information Detail". pubapps.fdc.myflorida.com. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  174. ↑ "Willie Brown | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  175. ↑ "Larry Troy | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  176. ↑ "Exoneree, Center on Wrongful Convictions: Northwestern Pritzker School of Law". www.law.northwestern.edu. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  177. ↑ "Randall Dale Adams | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  178. ↑ "Exonerations Discovered During DPIC Death Penalty Census Research". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  179. ↑ "James Joseph Richardson | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  180. ↑ "Clarence Brandley".
  181. ↑ "Dale Johnston | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  182. ↑ "Gary Nelson".
  183. ↑ "Charles Smith".
  184. ↑ "Jay C. Smith | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  185. ↑ Walter McMillian National Registry of Exonerations.
  186. ↑ "Walter McMillian". Equal Justice Initiative. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  187. 1 2 Grisham, John (2006). The Innocent Man: Murder and Injustice in a Small Town. Doubleday Books
  188. ↑ "Gregory Wilhoit".
  189. ↑ "Kirk Bloodsworth | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  190. ↑ "Guilty plea closes '84 case of Rosedale girl's murder". Baltimore Sun. 2004-05-21. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  191. ↑ "Muneer Deeb | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  192. ↑ "Larry Hudson".
  193. ↑ "Federico Macias | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  194. ↑ "James Albert Robison | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  195. ↑ "Andrew Golden".
  196. ↑ "Bones linked to jailed hit man". derkeiler.com. March 29, 2007
  197. ↑ "Robert Cruz".
  198. ↑ "Rolando Cruz | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  199. ↑ "Alejandro Hernandez | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  200. ↑ "Sabrina Butler | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  201. ↑ "S. Rept. 107-315 - THE INNOCENCE PROTECTION ACT OF 2002". www.congress.gov. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  202. ↑ "Adolph Munson | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  203. ↑ "Verneal Jimerson | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  204. ↑ "Verneal Jimerson | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  205. ↑ "Gary Gauger | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  206. ↑ "Joseph Burrows | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-01-29.
  207. ↑ "David Grannis | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  208. ↑ "Troy Lee Jones | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  209. ↑ "Carl Lawson | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  210. ↑ "Roberto Miranda | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  211. ↑ Garrison, Greg (2016-07-16). "Man freed from Death Row dies; taught lesson of forgiveness, lawyer says". al. Retrieved 2024-12-10.
  212. ↑ "Ricardo Aldape Guerra | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-13.
  213. ↑ "Benjamin Harris".
  214. ↑ "Christopher McCrimmon | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  215. 1 2 "Inmate Data Search | Arizona Department of Corrections, Rehabilitation & Reentry". corrections.az.gov. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  216. ↑ "Larry Randal Padgett".
  217. ↑ "Curtis Kyles".
  218. ↑ Getting Off Death Row, NPR, March 26, 2007
  219. ↑ Cohen, Stanley (2003). The Wrong Men: America's Epidemic of Wrongful Death Row Convictions. Carroll & Graf Publishers. p.  41. ISBN   978-0-7867-1258-8.
  220. ↑ Rech, Shawn (June 26, 2015). "'A Murder in the Park': The Innocence Project That Wasn't". Daily Beast.
  221. ↑ "Change of Subject: Simon says". blogs.chicagotribune.com. Retrieved June 15, 2017.
  222. ↑ "Ronald Jones | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  223. ↑ "Clarence Richard Dexter, Jr".
  224. ↑ "Alfred Rivera".
  225. ↑ "Steven Smith | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  226. ↑ Green, Frank (2007-04-12). "Tinsley pleads guilty in '82 death". Richmond Times-Dispatch. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  227. ↑ "Frank Lee Smith's Long Hard Life | Requiem For Frank Lee Smith | FRONTLINE | PBS". www.pbs.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  228. ↑ "Frank Lee Smith | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  229. ↑ "Eric Clemmons | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  230. ↑ "Hubert Geralds Jr. | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  231. ↑ "Michael Graham".
  232. ↑ "Joseph Green".
  233. ↑ "Oscar Morris | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  234. ↑ "William Nieves".
  235. ↑ "New book details posthumous pardon of John Snowden, a Black Annapolitan accused of killing a white woman, hanged after trial". Capital Gazette. 2021-10-03. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  236. ↑ "Charles Fain | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  237. ↑ "Albert Burrell".
  238. ↑ "Gary Drinkard".
  239. ↑ "Louis Greco | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  240. ↑ "Peter Limone | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  241. ↑ "Henry Tameleo".
  242. ↑ "Joaquin Jose Martinez | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  243. ↑ "Donald Paradis | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  244. ↑ Chachere, Vickie: "Florida Death Row Inmate To Be Released After 17 Years", Associated Press, Jan 3, 2002
  245. ↑ "Know the Cases: Browse Profiles: Ray Krone" Archived 2014-04-03 at the Library of Congress Web Archives. Innocence Project. Retrieved March 13, 2014.
  246. ↑ "Today Ray Krone Celebrates 17 Years of Freedom". Innocence Project. Retrieved 2022-02-15.
  247. ↑ "Thomas Kimbell | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  248. ↑ "Andre Minnitt".
  249. ↑ "Osborne v. Commonwealth". Justia Law. 2001-04-26.
  250. ↑ "Larry Osborne | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  251. ↑ Pennsylvania v. Yarris, No 690-OF1982, Court of Common Pleas, Delaware County, September 3, 2003. Order vacating conviction.
  252. ↑ Gross, Alexandra (10 July 2014). "JOHN THOMPSON". The National Registry of Exonerations. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
  253. ↑ "Article clipped from The Daily Journal". The Daily Journal. 2004-12-03. p. 9. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  254. ↑ "Joseph Amrine | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  255. ↑ "Madison Hobley".
  256. ↑ "Rudolph Holton | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  257. ↑ "Stanley Howard".
  258. ↑ "Cops: DNA tests show inmate was rapist". Chicago Tribune. 2004-11-30. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  259. ↑ "Timothy Howard".
  260. ↑ "Gary Lamar James".
  261. ↑ "Leroy Orange".
  262. ↑ "Aaron Patterson".
  263. ↑ "Lemuel Prion | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  264. ↑ "Utah inmate indicted in 1992 slaying". Deseret News. 1997-08-31. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  265. ↑ Ashcraft, Emily (2024-10-14). "Colorado man sentenced to prison after shooting, killing Monticello man in property dispute". www.ksl.com. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  266. ↑ "Wesley Quick | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  267. ↑ "Ex parte Wesley Randall Quick. PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEALS (In re: State of Alabama v. Wesley Randall Quick)". Justia Law. Archived from the original on 2015-09-30. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  268. ↑ Joseph Neff (2004-12-19). "N.C. Prosecutors Stifled Evidence". The News & Observer . pp. A1.
  269. ↑ Balleza, Maureen (October 8, 2004). "After 17 years on death row, Texas inmate walks free". The New York Times . Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  270. ↑ "Ryan Matthews | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  271. ↑ "Laurence Adams | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-08.
  272. ↑ "Dan L. Bright".
  273. ↑ "Patrick Croy | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  274. ↑ "Gordon Steidl".
  275. ↑ "Derrick Jamison".
  276. ↑ "Harold C. Wilson".
  277. ↑ "Curtis McCarty". Innocence Project. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
  278. ↑ "Jonathon Hoffman".
  279. ↑ "Michael Lee McCormick".
  280. ↑ "Kennedy Brewer". Innocence Project. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
  281. ↑ "Death Row Inmate Freed After 15 Years". WRAL-TV. April 2, 2008.
  282. ↑ Linehan, Julie (September 3, 2013). "In justice system, back to business as usual" Archived 2014-03-13 at the Wayback Machine . The News & Observer .
  283. ↑ Jennings, Diane (August 23, 2013). "Texas Supreme Court denies admitted child rapist Michael Blair compensation for wrongful conviction in Ashley Estell murder" Archived 2016-01-27 at the Wayback Machine . The Dallas Morning News .
  284. ↑ Gross, Alexandra. "Michael Blair". National Registry of Exonerations. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  285. ↑ Merchant, Nomaan (2012-11-13). "Texas inmate who admitted raping kids seeks nearly $1M from state". Beaumont Enterprise. Archived from the original on 2025-06-06. Retrieved 2025-12-08.
  286. ↑ "Judge won't declare ex-death row inmate innocent" Archived 2014-03-13 at the Wayback Machine . ABC 7 Chicago/Associated Press. March 5, 2014.
  287. ↑ Grinberg, Emanuella (May 14, 2009). " Exonerated death row inmate: 'Took 'em long enough'". CNN.
  288. ↑ Satterfield, Jamie (May 12, 2009). "Prosecutor drops charges; House's family 'on Cloud Nine'" Archived 2014-02-28 at the Wayback Machine . knoxnews.com.
  289. ↑ McClain, Clarissa; Galloway, Drew (June 17, 2013). "The Top Stories from the Past 50 Years". WHNT 19 News.
  290. ↑ Blakley, Derrick (September 5, 2013). "City Poised To Pay Another Police-Torture Settlement". CBS 2 Chicago.
  291. ↑ "Michael Toney, Recently Exonerated from Death Row in Texas, Dies in Car Crash". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  292. ↑ "Yancy Douglas".
  293. ↑ "Paris Powell".
  294. ↑ "Robert Springsteen | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  295. ↑ Rogers, Brian (October 27, 2010). "Texas sets man free from death row". Houston Chronicle .
  296. ↑ "Disabled Man Executed In 1939 Pardoned In Colorado - CBS Colorado". CBS News. 2011-01-07. Retrieved 2026-01-21.
  297. ↑ "Recently Cleared Tennessee Inmate Added to List of Exonerations". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  298. ↑ "Gussie Vann | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  299. ↑ Blackmon, Douglas A. (September 28, 2012). "Louisiana death-row inmate Damon Thibodeaux exonerated with DNA evidence". The Washington Post.
  300. ↑ "Former death row inmate acquitted; released from jail". Local 10.com. Miami. December 22, 2012.
  301. ↑ "Joe D'Ambrosio".
  302. ↑ Oliphint, Joel (20 September 2017). "Delayed Justice: The Dale Johnston case". Columbus Monthly . Retrieved 2023-02-09.
  303. ↑ "Wrongly convicted Ohio man, 81, says death row was 'hell on earth'". The Guardian. 2015-03-11. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved 2023-02-09.
  304. ↑ "INNOCENCE: Another Exoneration from Death Row--Reginald Griffin of Missouri". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved March 12, 2014.
  305. ↑ "Reginald Griffin | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  306. ↑ Bever, Lindsey (March 12, 2014). "After nearly 30 years on death row, Glenn Ford is exonerated — and free". The Washington Post.
  307. ↑ "Dausch v. State". Justia Law. 2014-06-12.
  308. ↑ "State Supreme Court throws out death row inmate's conviction for 1987 killing". Tampa Bay Times . June 13, 2014. Retrieved October 30, 2014.
  309. ↑ "Half-brothers to go free after convictions overturned in 1983 murder". WRAL. September 2, 2014.
  310. ↑ "Ricky Jackson and Wiley Bridgeman: Exonerated friends leave prison after 39 years behind bars". cleveland.com. November 21, 2014. Retrieved November 21, 2014.
  311. ↑ "Kwame Ajamu".
  312. ↑ Hastings, Deborah (2014-12-17). "Black teen executed in S.C. has conviction overturned". NY Daily News. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
  313. ↑ "Debra Milke, Who Spent 22 Years On Death Row, Has Murder Case Thrown Out". The Huffington Post . March 23, 2015. Retrieved March 23, 2015.
  314. ↑ Anglen, Robert (2020-10-31). "Debra Milke's wrongful conviction lawsuit against Phoenix dismissed by federal judge". The Arizona Republic . Phoenix, Arizona. Archived from the original on 2022-02-05. Retrieved 2022-02-05.
  315. ↑ Kiefer, Michael. "Wild card confession may sway Debra Milke's murder retrial". azcentral.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-28. Retrieved 2019-07-08.
  316. ↑ "Alabama exonerates man who spent 30 years on death row for a crime he did not commit" (PDF). Death Penalty Information Center. April 3, 2015. Retrieved April 3, 2015.
  317. ↑ Nave, R. L. (2015-04-22). "DA Dropping Charges Against Willie Jerome Manning in One Set of Murders". Jackson Free Press. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  318. ↑ Balko, Radley (2015-06-10). "Texas death row inmate Alfred Dewayne Brown is released from prison". The Washington Post. ISSN   0190-8286 . Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  319. ↑ "William Lee". National Registry of Exonerations. Michigan State University College of Law. 2016-01-18. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  320. ↑ "Supreme Court vacates death sentence of Pasco man convicted in Land O'Lakes murder". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2016-11-16.
  321. ↑ Jedra, Christina. "Former Delaware death row inmate: I was convicted of murder, exonerated, and wrongfully accused again". The News Journal. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  322. ↑ "Delaware v. McCoy". Justia Law. 2016-06-28.
  323. ↑ Yurow, Jeremy (2025-11-13). "Former death row inmate sentenced to life for sex trafficking in Hawaii". Courthouse News Service. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  324. ↑ "Rodricus Crawford | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  325. ↑ "Supreme Court orders Ralph Wright Jr. to be acquitted of 2007 St. Pete killings". Tampa Bay Times. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  326. ↑ "Former Arkansas death row inmate freed after 16 years in custody; charges dropped in mutilation case". Arkansas Online. 2017-10-12. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  327. ↑ "Former Death-Row Prisoner Exonerated in Illinois, Seized by ICE". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved 2025-12-03.
  328. ↑ "Robert Lee Miller Jr. | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  329. ↑ Tchekmedyian, Alene (2019-06-26). "Vicente Benavides spent 25 years on death row. Now he's suing over 'false evidence'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2021-02-21.
  330. ↑ "Clemente Aguirre-Jarquin | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-02.
  331. ↑ "Nevada Court Orders Man's Release from Death Row Due to Prosecutorial Misconduct and Inadequate Defense". Equal Justice Initiative . September 19, 2019. Retrieved November 10, 2019.
  332. ↑ The National Registry of Exonerations Clifford Williams Jr.
  333. ↑ For 42 years, two Florida men were imprisoned for murder. Now, they're free after the state tosses the case. CNN, March 29, 2019
  334. ↑ The National Registry of Exonerations Charles Finch
  335. ↑ "Christopher Williams | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-01.
  336. ↑ "Robert Duboise".
  337. ↑ "Curtis Flowers".
  338. ↑ "Kareem Johnson | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2025-12-07.
  339. ↑ "Roderick Johnson".
  340. ↑ "Walter Ogrod".
  341. ↑ "Sherwood Brown".
  342. ↑ "Eddie Lee Howard, Jr".
  343. ↑ "Barry Williams".
  344. ↑ Jiménez, Jesus (2023-12-20). "Man Cleared of Murder After More Than 48 Years in Prison". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved 2023-12-21.
  345. ↑ Alfonseca, Kiara (September 20, 2023). "Man formerly on death row gets murder case dismissed after 48 years". ABC News. Retrieved 2023-12-21.
  346. ↑ Johnson, Melanie (2025-02-15). "Celia's Story: Missouri teen vindicated 175 years later; pardoned for slave owner's murder thanks to family's fight for justice". First Alert 4. Retrieved 2025-12-08.
  347. ↑ "Elwood Jones Jr. | National Registry of Exonerations". exonerationregistry.org. Retrieved 2026-02-04.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
干扰字符镜像 开源整站镜像工具 蜘蛛池+镜像 烟雨镜像程序 镜像站群