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List of even-toed ungulates by population

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This is a list of even-toed ungulate species by estimated global population. This list is not comprehensive, as not all ungulates have had their numbers quantified. Note that this is only a subset of the order Artiodactyla, listing terrestrial species only. For populations of the cetaceans (infraorder Cetacea), see list of cetaceans.

Contents

Where available, population is given as number of mature individuals following IUCN reporting standards of estimating effective population size.

Wild species by population

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Kouprey Bos sauveli0-50 [1] CR [1] Decrease2.svg [1] Last confirmed sighting occurred in 1970. Most likely extinct. [1] Kouprey (Bos sauveli).jpg
Saola Pseudoryx nghetinhensis25-750 [2] CR [2] Decrease2.svg [2] Best estimate for number of mature individuals in 50-300. It is possible that species has fallen below the minimum viable population. [2] Pseudoryx nghetinhensis.PNG
Addax Addax nasomaculatus30–90 [3] CR [3] Decrease2.svg [3] Total population is estimated to be < 100 individuals. [3] Addax at the Louisville Zoo.jpg
Dama gazelle Nanger dama100-200 [4] CR [4] Decrease2.svg [4] Maximum estimate for total population is 250 individuals. [4] Mhorr Gazelle Close Up.jpg
Pygmy hog Porcula salvania100-250 [5] EN [5] ? [5] Values given are for mature population. Approximately 100 captive individuals have been reintroduced to the wild. [5] Pygmy hog in Assam breeding centre AJT Johnsingh.JPG
Scimitar oryx

(Scimitar-horned oryx)

Oryx dammah140-160 [6] EN [6] Increase2.svg [6] Values given are absolute minimum for mature, wild individuals. Total population is estimated to be 227-1,452 individuals in Chad, and an additional 200 in Tunisia. Approximately 15,000 individuals are held in captivity. [6] Scimitar-Horned Oryx (Oryx dammah) (cropped).jpg
Hirola Beatragus hunteri200-250 [7] CR [7] Decrease2.svg [7] Values given are for mature population. [7] Hirola head with sub-orbital glands.jpg
Bawean deer Axis kuhlii200–500 [8] CR [8] Steady2.svg [8] Values given are estimates of total population. [8] Bawean deer close.jpg
Tamaraw Bubalus mindorensis220-300 [9] CR [9] Decrease2.svg [9] Total population is estimated to be at least 430 individuals. [9] Bubalus mindorensis by Gregg Yan 01.jpg
Persian fallow deer Dama mesopotamica>250 [10] EN [10] Increase2.svg [10] Previously thought to be extinct. Value given is total estimated number of adults. There are approximately 430 individuals held in captivity. [10] Persian Fallow Deer 1.jpg
Rhim gazelle

(Slender-horned gazelle)

Gazella leptoceros300-600 [11] EN [11] Decrease2.svg [11] Per IUCN assessment, it "is highly unlikely that the remaining population numbers more than a few hundred." [11] Slender-horned gazelle (Cincinnati Zoo).jpg
Togian babirusa

(Togian Islands babirusa)

Babyrousa togeanensis500 [12] EN [12] Decrease2.svg [12] Value given is maximum estimate for total population (2008), though interviews with local residents indicate population could be higher. [12] Babyrousa togeanensis.jpg
Walia ibex Capra walie585 [13] VU [13] Increase2.svg [13] Total population is estimated to be 975 individuals. [13] Walia ibex 2.jpg
Visayan spotted deer

(Philippine spotted deer)

Rusa alfredi700 [14] EN [14] Decrease2.svg [14] Total population is estimated to be 1,100 individuals. [14] Rusa alfredi Wien.jpg
Anhui musk deer Moschus anhuiensis700–800 [15] EN [15] Decrease2.svg [15] Most recent estimate was in 1998. [15] Anhui musk deer illustration BeckyKidus.jpg
Wild Bactrian camel Camelus ferus780-1,380 [16] EN [16] Decrease2.svg [16] Total population is estimated to be 1,040–1,840 individuals. [16] Wild Bactrian camel on road east of Yarkand.jpg
Arabian oryx Oryx leucoryx850 [17] VU [17] Steady2.svg [17] Total population in wild is estimated to be 1,220 individuals. This estimate does not include individuals in captivity (ca. 6,000-7,000). [17] Tempul 009.jpg
Calamian deer Axis calamianensis887-1,359 [18] EN [18] Decrease2.svg [18] 1994 estimate of total population; has almost certainly decreased. [18] Axis calamianensis.jpg
South Andean deer

(Patagonian huemul)

Hippocamelus bisulcus1048–1500 [19] EN [19] Decrease2.svg [19] Maximum estimate for total population is 1,500 individuals. [19] Huemul macho (Hippocamelus bisulcus),.jpg
Przewalski's gazelle Procapra przewalskii1,320-1,635 [20] EN [20] Increase2.svg [20] Values given are for total population. [20] Zhong Hua Dui Jiao Ling .jpg
Abbott's duiker Cephalophus spadix1500 [21] EN [21] Decrease2.svg [21] Maximum estimate for total population. [21] Original (6).jpg
Mountain nyala Tragelaphus buxtoni1,500-2,500 [22] EN [22] Decrease2.svg [22] It is likely that total population is between 1,500-2,000 individuals, but a 2007 survey indicated a maximum population of 4,000. [22] Tragelaphus buxtoni.jpg
Heuglin's gazelle

(Eritrean gazelle)

Eudorcas tilonura1,750-2,450 [23] EN [23] Decrease2.svg [23] Total population is estimated to be, at most, 2,500-3,500 individuals. [23] The book of antelopes (1894) Gazella tilonura.png
Nilgiri tahr Nilgiritragus hylocrius1800–2000 [24] EN [24] Decrease2.svg [24] Values given are for total population (2008). [24] Nilgiri Tahr.jpg
Jentink's duiker Cephalophus jentinki2,000 [25] EN [25] Decrease2.svg [25] Value given is estimate of total population, circa 2001. [25] The book of antelopes (1894) Cephalophus jentinki.png
Pygmy hippopotamus Choeropsis liberiensis2,000-2,499 [26] EN [26] Decrease2.svg [26] Global population has not been recently quantified; estimate is for total population, based on 1993 data. [26] Pygmy hippopotamus pair.jpg
Arabian tahr Arabitragus jayakari2,202-2,324 [27] EN [27] Decrease2.svg [27] Total population is estimated to be 2,446 individuals. [27] Arabian Tahr (Arabitragus jayakari) (cropped).jpg
Cuvier's gazelle Gazella cuvieri2,360-4,560 [28] VU [28] Decrease2.svg [28] Values given are for total population. Cuvier's gazelle - Cuviergazelle - Gazelle de Cuvier - Gazella cuvieri - 02.jpg
Banteng Bos javanicus2,475-4,900 [29] CR [29] Decrease2.svg [29] Values given are estimate for total population; best estimate for total population is 3,300 individuals. [29] Bos javanicus javanicus.jpg
Lowland anoa Bubalus depressicornis< 2,500 [30] EN [30] Decrease2.svg [30] Value given is estimate for mature population. [30] TamanSafariIndonesia102.jpg
Mountain anoa Bubalus quarlesi< 2,500 [31] EN [31] Decrease2.svg [31] Value given is estimate for mature population. [31] Buablus quarlesi2.jpg
Wild water buffalo Bubalus arnee2,500 [32] EN [32] Decrease2.svg [32] Total population is estimated to be less than 4,000 individuals. Flickr - Rainbirder - Bull Water Buffalo.jpg
Mountain gazelle Gazella gazella2,500 [33] EN [33] Decrease2.svg [33] Value given is for mature population. Total population was estimated to be 10,000 individuals ca. 1990s but is expected to now be much lower. [33] PikiWiki Israel 14396 Deer resting.JPG
Long-tailed goral Naemorhedus caudatus2,500-10,000 [34] VU [34] Decrease2.svg [34] Values given are number for mature individuals. [34] Naemorhedus caudatus Torun2.jpg
European bison Bison bonasus2,518 [35] NT [35] Increase2.svg [35] Value given is number of mature individuals in free-living, wild populations. [35] Wisent.jpg
Dibatag Ammodorcas clarkei2,800 [36] VU [36] Decrease2.svg [36] Total population is estimated to be approximately 4,000 individuals. [36] Ammodorcas clarkei The book of antelopes (1894).jpg
West Caucasian tur

(Western tur)

Capra caucasica3,000-4,000 [37] EN [37] Decrease2.svg [37] Total population is estimated to be 4,000-5,000 individuals. [37] Kozorozec kavkazsky.jpg
Chacoan peccary Catagonus wagneri3,200 [38] EN [38] Decrease2.svg [38] Estimate was made in 2002; wide-scale deforestation of their habitat began in 2003. [38] Catagonus wagneri 1 - Phoenix Zoo.jpg
Soemmerring's gazelle Nanger soemmerringii4,000-5,000 [39] VU [39] Decrease2.svg [39] Total population is tentatively estimated to be <6,000-7,500 individuals. [39] Soemmerring's Gazelle, St. Louis Zoo.jpg
Barasingha Rucervus duvaucelii4,100-5,050 [40] VU [40] Decrease2.svg [40] Values are an estimate of total population, which consists of three subspecies: [40]
  • R. d. duvaucelli (3,450-4,200 individuals)
  • R. d. ranjitsinhi (350-500 individuals)
  • R.d. branderi (300-350 individuals)
 The barasingha.jpg
Taruca Hippocamelus antisensis4,162-5,750 [41] VU [41] Decrease2.svg [41] Total population is estimated to be 15,750-21,000 individuals. [41] Huemul.jpg
Nile lechwe Kobus megaceros4,291 [42] EN [42] Decrease2.svg [42] Value is the result of an early dry season count from 2007. A count from the same season in 1983 estimated 12,000 total individuals. [42] Kobus megaceros-male.jpg
Nubian ibex Capra nubiana4,500 [43] VU [43] Decrease2.svg [43] Estimate for mature individuals only due to some areas lacking population estimates. [43] Nubian Ibex in Negev.JPG
Arabian gazelle Gazella arabica5,000-7,000 [44] VU [44] Decrease2.svg [44] Total population is estimated to be 12,000 individuals, ca. 2008. [44] Gazella arabica 11629311.jpg
Barbary sheep

(Aoudad)

Ammotragus lervia5,000-10,000 [45] VU [45] Decrease2.svg [45] Values given are estimate for mature population. [45] Ammotragus lervia right zoo.JPG
Markhor Capra falconeri5,754 [46] NT [46] Increase2.svg [46] Total population is estimated to be 9,700 individuals, which includes ~900 animals assumed to live in areas without data. [46] Turkomen Markhor4.jpg
Gaur Bos gaurus6,000-21,000 [47] VU [47] Decrease2.svg [47] Total population is estimated to be 15,000-35,000 individuals. [47] Bandipur 2.jpg
Beira Dorcatragus megalotis7,000 [48] VU [48] Decrease2.svg [48] Value given is estimate for total population, circa 1999. [48] Dorcatragus megalotis.jpg
Hairy-fronted muntjac

(Black muntjac)

Muntiacus crinifrons7,000–8,500 [49] VU [49] Decrease2.svg [49] Values given are estimate of total population in 1998. [49] 2011 Muntjak-4.jpg
Red goral Naemorhedus baileyi7,000-10,000 [50] VU [50] Decrease2.svg [50] Values given are for mature individuals; best estimate is 7,000-8,000 mature individuals. [50] Naemorhedus baileyi 354704650 (cropped).jpg
Four-horned antelope Tetracerus quadricornis7,000-10,000 [51] VU [51] Decrease2.svg [51] Total population is estimated to be >10,000 individuals, circa 2001. [51] Vierhornantilope.jpg
Wild yak Bos mutus7,500-9,999 [52] VU [52] Decrease2.svg [52] Values given are estimate of mature population. [52] Kiyivs'kii zoopark Iaki.jpg
Giant eland Tragelaphus derbianus8,400-9,800 [53] VU [53] Decrease2.svg [53] Total population is estimated to be 12,150-14,200 individuals. [53] Taurotragus derbianus gigas.jpg
Small red brocket Mazama bororo8,500 [54] VU [54] Decrease2.svg [54] Value given is an estimate for mature population. [54] Veado-mateiro-pequeno.jpg
Zebra duiker Cephalophus zebra9,500 [55] VU [55] Decrease2.svg [55] Total population was estimated to be 15,000 individuals ca. 2001. [55] Cephalophus zebra.jpg
Black wildebeest Connochaetes gnou9,765-11,382 [56] LC [56] Increase2.svg [56] Total wild population is estimated to be 16,260 individuals, with an additional 18,000+ individuals on ranches. [56] Black Wildebeest.jpg
Sulawesi babirusa Babyrousa celebensis9,999 [57] VU [57] Decrease2.svg [57] Hirscheber1a.jpg
Javan rusa

(Javan deer)

Rusa timorensis10,000 [58] VU [58] Decrease2.svg [58] Total population in native range is estimated to be 13,000-20,000. However, more than 200,000 individuals exist in populations across its introduced range. [58] Rusa Deer (C. Timorensis).jpg
Okapi Okapia johnstoni10,000-50,000 [59] EN [59] Decrease2.svg [59] Values given are best guesses for total population, combining estimates from 1999 and 2013. [59] Okapi001.jpg
Southern pudú Pudu puda> 10,000 [60] NT [60] Decrease2.svg [60] Value given is estimate for total population, assuming 10% of suitable habitat is occupied. [60] Pudu pudu AB.jpg
East African oryx

(Beisa oryx)

Oryx beisa11,000-13,000 [61] EN [61] Decrease2.svg [61] Estimates for total population by subspecies: [61]
  • O. b. beisa (12,000 total individuals)
  • O. b. callotis (4,000-6,000 total individuals)
 Oryx beisa 1.jpg
American bison Bison bison11,248-13,123 [62] NT [62] Steady2.svg [62] Total wild population is estimated to be 31,000 individuals (20,000 plains, 11,000 wood bison). Including captive herds would add at least 10,000 individuals. [62] American bison k5680-1.jpg
Red-fronted gazelle Eudorcas rufifrons12,000 [63] VU [63] Decrease2.svg [63] Value given is for total population. [63] Gazella rufifrons AB.jpg
Aders's duiker Cephalophus adersi14,000 [64] VU [64] Decrease2.svg [64] Total population is estimated to be 20,000 individuals. [64] Cephalophus adersi 35368339.jpg
Bongo Tragelaphus eurycerus15,000-25,000 [65] NT [65] Decrease2.svg [65] Two subspecies:
  • T. e. isaaci (~100 total individuals)
  • T. e. eurycerus (28,000 total individuals). [65]
Tragelaphus eurycerus isaaciPCCA20071227-8374B.jpg
Mouflon Ovis gmelini16,000 [66] NT [66] ? [66] Total population is estimated to be 26,500 individuals. [66] Cypriot Male Mouflon.jpg
Urial Ovis vignei18,000 [67] VU [67] Decrease2.svg [67] Total population is estimated to be 30,000 individuals. [67] Ovis vignei 199124779.jpg
Grey rhebok Pelea capreolus18,000 [68] NT [68] Decrease2.svg [68] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. Populations are expected to have decreased. [68] Vaal Rhebok.jpg
Harvey's duiker Cephalophus harveyi20,000 [69] LC [69] Decrease2.svg [69] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999, though is expected to be "a substantial underestimate." [69] Harvey's duiker (Cephalophorus harveyi) 02.jpg
Nyala Tragelaphus angasii20,000-27,500 [70] LC [70] Steady2.svg [70] Total population is estimated to be 36,500 individuals. [70] Tragelaphus angasii nbii safari h00351.jpg
Pampas deer Ozotoceros bezoarticus20,000-80,000 [71] NT [71] Decrease2.svg [71] Values given are an estimate of minimum-maximum total population size, ca. 1994. [71] Venado de las pampas.jpg
East Caucasian tur

(Eastern tur)

Capra cylindricornis23,000 [72] NT [72] Steady2.svg [72] Total population is estimated to be 31,000–32,000 individuals. [72] Daghestanischer Tur Ostkaukasischer Steinbock Capra cylindricornis Zoo Augsburg-03.jpg
Silver dik-dik Madoqua piacentinii30,000 [73] DD [73] Decrease2.svg [73] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. [73]
Blackbuck Antilope cervicapra35,000 [74] LC [74] ? [74] Total population was estimated to be 50,000 individuals ca. 2000. Sizeable introduced populations exist in Argentina and USA. [74] Black Buck.jpg
Ogilby's duiker Cephalophus ogilbyi35,000 [75] LC [75] Decrease2.svg [75] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. [75]

IUCN considers this species to have two subspecies: [75]

White-legged Duiker imported from iNaturalist photo 46659834 on 6 July 2024.jpg
Dorcas gazelle Gazella dorcas35,000-99,999 [76] VU [76] Decrease2.svg [76] Values given are a very rough estimate for total population, ca. 1999. [76] Maroccan dorcas gazelle (Gazella dorcas massaesyla).jpg
Mountain reedbuck Redunca fulvorufula36,000 [77] EN [77] Decrease2.svg [77] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. [77] Bergriedbock 2007-08-16 201.jpg
Red forest duiker

(Natal red duiker)

Cephalophus natalensis42,000 [78] LC [78] Decrease2.svg [78] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. [78] Natal-Rotducker Zoo Landau.JPG
Klipspringer Oreotragus oreotragus42,000 [79] LC [79] Steady2.svg [79] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. [79] Klipspringer 5.jpg
Goitered gazelle Gazella subgutturosa42,000-49,000 [80] VU [80] Decrease2.svg [80] Values given are estimate for number of mature individuals. Total population was estimated to be 120,000-140,000 individuals ca. 2001, but is expected to be lower now due to rapid declines. [80] Female goitered gazelle, Shirvan National Park, Azerbaijan.jpg
Bharal

(Blue sheep)

Pseudois nayaur47,000-414,000 [81] LC [81] ? [81] Values given range from a "very conservative estimate" to "probably an overestimate." [81] Pseudois nayaur 119803153.jpg
Mountain goat Oreamnos americanus48,000-62,000 [82] LC [82] Steady2.svg [82] Total population is estimated to be 80,700-117,200 individuals. [82] Mountain Goat USFWS.jpg
Bighorn sheep Ovis canadensis49,000 [83] LC [83] Steady2.svg [83] Total population is estimated to be 82,655-84,000 individuals. [83] New Mexico Bighorn Sheep.JPG
Iberian ibex

(Iberian wild goat)

Capra pyrenaica50,000 [84] LC [84] Increase2.svg [84] Total population is estimated to be 100,000 individuals. [84] Capra pyrenaica.jpg
Pyrenean chamois

(Southern chamois)

Rupicapra pyrenaica50,000 [85] LC [85] Increase2.svg [85] Value given is for number of mature individuals. [85] Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata 94813569.jpg
Roan antelope Hippotragus equinus50,000-60,000 [86] LC [86] Decrease2.svg [86] Total population was estimated to be 76,000 individuals ca. 1999. [86] Roan Antelope, Kafue National Park, Zambia, Nov 2011.jpg
Sable antelope Hippotragus niger50,000-60,000 [87] LC [87] Steady2.svg [87] Total population was estimated to be 75,000 individuals ca. 1999. [87] Sable bull.jpg
Chinkara

(Indian gazelle)

Gazella bennettii50,000-70,000 [88] LC [88] Decrease2.svg [88] Total population is estimated to be approximately 100,000 individuals. [88] Indian Gazelle (Gazella bennettii) (19726669764).jpg
Alpine ibex Capra ibex53,000 [89] LC [89] Steady2.svg [89] Value given is for total population. [89] Bouquetin adulte couche.jpg
Bontebok Damaliscus pygargus55,000 [90] LC [90] Increase2.svg [90] Total population is estimated to be at least 78,503-79,369 individuals between two subspecies: [90]
  • D. p. phillipsi (>77,751)
  • D. p. pygargus (752 - 1,618)
 Bontebok Namibia.jpg
Dall sheep

(Thinhorn sheep)

Ovis dalli57,600–75,600 [91] LC [91] Steady2.svg [91] Total population is estimated to be 96,000 – 126,000 individuals. [91] 2005 04 27 1582 Dall Sheep.jpg
Royal antelope Neotragus pygmaeus62,000 [92] LC [92] Decrease2.svg [92] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. [92] Royal antelope.jpg
Giraffe

(Northern giraffe)

Giraffa camelopardalis68,293 [93] VU [93] Decrease2.svg [93] Total population is estimated to be 97,562 individuals.

Note that some taxonomists recognize as many as eight different species of giraffe (see Giraffidae), though current IUCN assessment considers all populations to be within G. camelopardalis. [93]

However, as of 2025, the IUCN recognizes 3 additional species currently contained within the populations cited here. [94]

Giraffa camelopardalis angolensis, flip.jpg
Wild goat Capra aegagrus70,000 [95] NT [95] Steady2.svg [95] Total population is estimated to be 110,000 individuals, not including populations in Pakistan and Afghanistan. [95] Capra aegagrus (Chevre sauvage) - 62.jpg
Nilgai Boselaphus tragocamelus70,000-100,000 [96] LC [96] Steady2.svg [96] Values given are for number of mature individuals. A feral introduced population, numbering approximately 67,000 individuals, is established in Texas. [96] Nilgai (Boselaphus tragocamelus) male.jpg
Southern reedbuck Redunca arundinum73,000 [97] LC [97] Steady2.svg [97] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. [97] Common Reedbuck (Redunca arundinum), Kruger National Park.jpg
Lesser kudu Tragelaphus imberbis80,000-100,000 [98] NT [98] Decrease2.svg [98] Total population is estimated to be 118,000 individuals. [98] Lesser Kudu Female.jpg
Snow sheep Ovis nivicola85,000-95,000 [99] LC [99] ? [99] Values given are for total population (mid 1980s). [99] Ovis nivicola 258067468 (cropped and zoomed).jpg
Common eland Tragelaphus oryx90,000-110,000 [100] LC [100] Steady2.svg [100] Total population was estimated to be 136,000 individuals ca. 1999. [100] Common eland mara.jpg
Sitatunga Tragelaphus spekii90,000-120,000 [101] LC [101] Decrease2.svg [101] Total population was estimated to be 170,000 individuals ca. 1999, but this was likely an overestimate. [101] Tragelaphus spekei Weibchen.jpg
Gerenuk Litocranius walleri95,000 [102] NT [102] Decrease2.svg [102] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999. [102] Male and female Gerenuk.jpg
Sharpe's grysbok Raphicerus sharpei95,000 [103] LC [103] Steady2.svg [103] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. [103] Sharpe's Grysbok.jpg
Japanese serow Capricornis crispus100,000 [104] LC [104] Steady2.svg [104] Value given is an estimate for total population ca. 1984; may be an underestimate. [104] Lightmatter japanese serows.jpg
Black duiker Cephalophus niger100,000 [105] LC [105] Decrease2.svg [105] Value given is for total population ca. 1999. [105] Black Duiker.jpg
Tibetan gazelle

(Goa)

Procapra picticaudata100,000 [106] NT [106] Decrease2.svg [106] Value given is for total population ca. 1998. [106] Procapra picticaudata 46242486.jpg
Tibetan antelope

(Chiru)

Pantholops hodgsonii100,000-150,000 [107] NT [107] Increase2.svg [107] Values given are lower and upper estimates of total population. [107] Chiru (Pantholops hodgsonii) 02.jpg
Bohor reedbuck Redunca redunca101,000 [108] LC [108] Decrease2.svg [108] Value given is for total population ca. 1999; likely an underestimate. [108] Redunca redunca 230498489.jpg
Siberian ibex Capra sibirica102,000-150,000 [109] NT [109] Decrease2.svg [109] Total population is estimated to be 170,000-250,000 individuals. [109] Siberian Ibex.jpg
Argali Ovis ammon107,000 [110] NT [110] Decrease2.svg [110] Value given is for total population; could be a large overestimate. [110] Ovis ammon ammon 196211187.jpg
Hippopotamus

(Common hippopotamus)

Hippopotamus amphibius115,000-130,000 [111] VU [111] Steady2.svg [111] Values given are for total population. [111] Hippopotamus - 04.jpg
Muskox Ovibos moschatus127,102 [112] LC [112] Decrease2.svg [112] Value given is for total population. [112] Ovibos moschatus qtl3.jpg
Puku Kobus vardonii130,000 [113] NT [113] Decrease2.svg [113] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [113] Kobus vardonii (male).jpg
Grant's gazelle Nanger granti140,000 [114] LC [114] Decrease2.svg [114] Value given is for total population, but may be an underestimate. [114] Ngorongoro Grant-Gazelle.jpg
Thomson's gazelle Eudorcas thomsonii145,000 [115] LC [115] Decrease2.svg [115] Total population is estimated to be 207,361 individuals. [115] Serengeti Thomson-Gazelle1.jpg
Lechwe

(Southern lechwe)

Kobus leche158,750 [116] NT [116] Steady2.svg [116] Value is for total population. Four subspecies: [116]
  • K. l. leche (80,000)
  • K. l. kafuensis (78,000)
  • K. l. smithemani (49,036)
  • K. l. anselli (<1000)
 Lechwe antelopes Berlin.jpg
Yellow-backed duiker Cephalophus silvicultor160,000 [117] NT [117] Decrease2.svg [117] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [117] Cephalophus sylvicultor sylvicultor2.jpg
Red-flanked duiker Cephalophus rufilatus170,000 [118] LC [118] Decrease2.svg [118] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [118] Redflankedduiker.jpg
Weyns's duiker Cephalophus weynsi188,000 [119] LC [119] Decrease2.svg [119] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [119] Cephalophus weynsi.jpg
Waterbuck Kobus ellipsiprymnus200,000 [120] LC [120] Decrease2.svg [120] Value is for total population ca. 1999. Two subspecies: [120]
  • K. e. ellipsiprymnus (105,000)
  • K. e. defassa (95,000).
 Water buck at an english wildlifepark arp.jpg
Bates's pygmy antelope Neotragus batesi219,000 [121] LC [121] ? [121] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [121] Neotragus batesi Goodchild.jpg
Water chevrotain Hyemoschus aquaticus278,000 [122] LC [122] Decrease2.svg [122] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [122] Em - Hyemoschus aquaticus - 3.jpg
Mongalla gazelle Eudorcas albonotata>278,000 [123] LC [123] Steady2.svg [123] Value given is total population from an aerial survey in 2007, which may not have captured entire range. [123] Eudorcas albonotata head.jpg
White-bellied duiker Cephalophus leucogaster287,000 [124] NT [124] Decrease2.svg [124] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [124]
Black-fronted duiker Cephalophus nigrifrons300,000 [125] LC [125] Decrease2.svg [125] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [125] Cephalophe a front noir.jpg
Chamois

(Northern chamois)

Rupicapra rupicapra300,000 [126] LC [126] Steady2.svg [126] 064 Wild Chamois Parc regional Chasseral Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
Greater kudu Tragelaphus strepsiceros300,000-350,000 [127] LC [127] Steady2.svg [127] Total population was estimated to be 482,000 individuals ca. 1999. [127] Greater kudu face.jpg
Vicuña Vicugna vicugna350,000 [128] LC [128] Increase2.svg [128] Total population is estimated to be 473,297 – 527,691 individuals. [128] Vikunja-IMG 7052.JPG
Hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus362,000 [129] LC [129] Decrease2.svg [129] Value is for total population ca. 1999. Likely now an overestimate given steep declines of A. b. lelwel. [129] Kongoni.jpg
Suni Nesotragus moschatus365,000 [130] LC [130] Steady2.svg [130] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [130] Suni 1.jpg
Gemsbok Oryx gazella373,000 [131] LC [131] Steady2.svg [131] Value given is for total population. [131] Spiessbock-Etosha-01.jpg
Peters's duiker Cephalophus callipygus382,000 [132] LC [132] Decrease2.svg [132] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [132] Peters Duiker (Cephalophus callipygus) from behind, Campo Maan National Park.jpg
African buffalo Syncerus caffer398,000-401,000 [133] NT [133] Decrease2.svg [133] Total population is estimated to be 569,000-573,000 individuals. [133] Serengeti Bueffel1.jpg
Topi

(Tsessebe, Tiang)

Damaliscus lunatus> 405,000 [134] LC [134] Decrease2.svg [134] Value given is a rough estimate for total population, given a) 1999 estimate of 300,000 total individuals and b) a known underestimate of D. l. lunatus for this estimate by at least 105,000 individuals. [134] Topi (Damaliscus lunatus jimela) female.jpg
Salt's dik-dik Madoqua saltiana485,600 [135] LC [135] Steady2.svg [135] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [135] Madoqua saltiana 258450282.jpg
Kob Kobus kob500,000-1,000,000 [136] LC [136] Decrease2.svg [136] Estimates for total population are broken down by subspecies: [136]
  • K. k. kob - 95,000 (1999)
  • K. k. thomasi - 100,000 (1999)
  • K. k. leucotis - > 753,572 (2007)
 Ugandan kob (Kobus kob thomasi) male.jpg
Mongolian gazelle Procapra gutturosa500,000-1,500,000 [137] LC [137] Steady2.svg [137] Values given are for total population; could be an overestimate, with population as low as 400,000 individuals. [137] Procapra gutturosa - Anna Vasil'chenko - 464472315.jpeg
Günther's dik-dik Madoqua guentheri511,000 [138] LC [138] Steady2.svg [138] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [138] Guenther's Dik-Dik.jpg
Steenbok Raphicerus campestris> 600,000 [139] LC [60] Steady2.svg [139] Value given is for total population, ca. 1999; considered to be an underestimate. [139] 2012-Steenbok-female.jpg
Bay duiker Cephalophus dorsalis725,000 [140] NT [140] Decrease2.svg [140] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [140] Cephalophus dorsalis.JPG
Pronghorn Antilocapra americana750,000 [141] LC [141] Steady2.svg [141] Total population is estimated to be approximately 1 million individuals. [141] Pronghorn-855.jpg
Oribi Ourebia ourebi750,000 [142] LC [142] Decrease2.svg [142] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [142] Ourebia ourebi cropped.jpg
Saiga antelope Saiga tatarica922,600-988,500 [143] NT [143] Increase2.svg [143] Total population is estimated to be 1,344,275 individuals, most of whom are in Kazakhstan population. [143] Saiga tartarica.jpg
Kirk's dik-dik Madoqua kirkii971,000 [144] LC [144] Steady2.svg [144] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [144] Damara-dik-dik.jpg
Siberian roe deer Capreolus pygargus1,000,000 [145] LC [145] Decrease2.svg [145] Value is for total population ca. 1999. Likely now an overestimate. [145] Paozikun530.jpg
Bushbuck

(Harnessed bushbuck)

Tragelaphus scriptus1,000,000-1,500,000 [146] LC [146] Steady2.svg [146] Values given are estimate for number of mature individuals. [146]

Some taxonomists split this species into harnessed bushbuck (T. scriptus) and cape bushbuck (T. sylvaticus). [147] IUCN maintains both within T. scriptus. [146]

Bushbuck1.jpg
Springbok Antidorcas marsupialis1,400,000-1,750,000 [148] LC [148] Increase2.svg [148] Total population is estimated to be 2,000,000-2,500,000 individuals. [148] Saut de gazelle Springbok.jpg
Moose Alces alces1,440,000 [149] LC [149] Increase2.svg [149] Value given is for total population, with an estimated 440,000 individuals in Europe, and 1 million in North America. [149] Elgportraet han (Alces alces).jpg
Guanaco Lama guanicoe1,498,170-2,192,300 [150] LC [150] Increase2.svg [150] Values given are for total population. [150] Guanako TDP.jpg
Blue wildebeest

(Common wildebeest)

Connochaetes taurinus1,550,000 [151] LC [151] Steady2.svg [151] Value given is for total population. [151] Blue Wildebeest, Ngorongoro.jpg
Impala Aepyceros melampus2,000,000 [152] LC [152] Steady2.svg [152] Value is for total population ca. 1999. [152] Impala mutualism with birds wide.jpg
Maxwell's duiker Philantomba maxwellii2,137,000 [153] LC [153] Decrease2.svg [153] Value is for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. [153] Stavenn Cephalophus maxwellii.jpg
Reindeer

(Caribou)

Rangifer tarandus2,890,400 [154] VU [154] Decrease2.svg [154] Value given is for total population. [154] Caribu (Rangifer tarandus), Parque nacional y reserva Denali, Alaska, Estados Unidos, 2017-08-30, DD 40.jpg
Blue duiker Philantomba monticola7,000,000 [155] LC [155] Decrease2.svg [155] Value is for total population ca. 1999; may be an underestimate. [155] Blauducker.jpg
Common duiker Sylvicapra grimmia10,000,000 [156] LC [156] Decrease2.svg [156] Value given is most recent estimate for total population, ca. 2013. Previous 1999 estimate was for 1.66 million individuals. [156] Common duiker kenya.jpg
White-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus11,500,000 [157] LC [157] Steady2.svg [157] Estimated population in the United States and Canada only, with estimate of 11 million in the U.S. considered a minimum. [157] White-tailed deer.jpg
Roe deer

(European roe deer)

Capreolus capreolus15,000,000 [158] LC [158] Increase2.svg [158] Value given is for total population in central Europe. Populations in Italy and Turkey are estimated to be 10,000 and 6,000-8,000 individuals, respectively. [158] Rehbock (Mai 2025) 6.jpg

Domestic species by population

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Bactrian camel Camelus bactrianus952,000 [159] Domestic Value given is estimate from 2016. [159]

The 2024 population estimate from the FAO for domestic camels (species not delineated) is 44,336,084 individuals. [160]

Camelus bactrianus 329544589.jpg
Llama Lama glama3,000,000 [161] Domestic Domestic form of the guanaco (L. guanicoe). [162]

The 2024 official figure from the FAO for number of domestic 'other camelids' (i.e., llamas and alpacas) is 8,621,586 individuals. [160]

White Llama (Lama glama).jpg
Alpaca Lama pacos3,000,000 [161] Domestic Domestic form of the vicuña (V. vicugna). [162]

The 2024 official figure from the FAO for number of domestic 'other camelids' (i.e., llamas and alpacas) is 8,621,586 individuals. [160]

Dulmen, Bornste, Alpakas -- 2020 -- 5462.jpg
Dromedary camel Camelus dromedarius30,000,000 [163] Domestic Value given is estimate from 2019. [163]

The 2024 population estimate from the FAO for domestic camels (species not delineated) is 44,336,084 individuals. [160]

07. Camel Profile, near Silverton, NSW, 07.07.2007.jpg
Water buffalo Bubalus bubalis212,008,800 [160] Domestic Domestic form of the wild water buffalo (B. arnee). [164]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic buffalo worldwide, per the FAO. [160]

Murrah buffalo.JPG
Domestic pig Sus domesticus962,441,623 [160] Domestic Domestic form of the wild boar (S scrofa). [165]

Value given is the 2024 official figure for number of domestic swine/pigs worldwide, per the FAO. [160]

Sow with piglet.jpg
Domestic goat Capra hircus1,187,524,236 [160] Domestic Domestic form of the bezoar ibex (wild goat; C. aegagrus). [166]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic goats worldwide, per the FAO. [160]

Domestic goat kid in capeweed.jpg
Domestic sheep Ovis aries1,362,590,940 [160] Domestic Domestic form of the mouflon (O. gmelini). [167]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic sheep worldwide, per the FAO. [160]

Ovis orientalis aries 'Skudde' (aka).jpg
Cattle Bos taurus1,578,614,149 [160] Domestic Domestic form of the extinct aurochs (B. primigenius). [168]

Value given is the 2024 estimate for number of domestic cattle worldwide, per the FAO. [160]

Braunvieh.jpg

Species without population estimates

Common name Binomial name Population Status TrendNotesImage
Red brocket Mazama americanaunknown [169] DD [169] ? [169] 154 Red brocket in Encontro das Aguas State Park Photo by Giles Laurent.jpg
Central American red brocket Mazama temamaunknown [170] DD [170] Decrease2.svg [170] No estimates of species population or density over most of its range. [170] Central American red brocket deer (male) 5.jpg
Walter's duiker Philantomba walteriunknown [171] DD [171] ? [171] Species is only known from 41 specimens. Nothing is known about live populations. [171]
Northern pudu Pudella mephistophilesunknown [172] DD [172] Decrease2.svg [172] IUCN places this species in genus Pudu. [172]

Some taxonomists split an additional species, the Peruvian Yungas pudu (P. carlae) from this species. [173]

Pudu mephistophiles.png
Javan chevrotain

(Java mouse-deer)

Tragulus javanicusunknown [174] DD [174] ? [174] Tragulus javanicus.jpg
Vietnam mouse-deer

(Silver-backed chevrotain)

Tragulus versicolorunknown [175] DD [175] Decrease2.svg [175]
Williamson's mouse-deer

(Williamson's chevrotain)

Tragulus williamsoniunknown [176] DD [176] Decrease2.svg [176]
Visayan warty pig Sus cebifronsunknown [177] CR [177] Decrease2.svg [177] Extirpated from, or functionally extinct on 4 of 6 islands it once inhabited. Hybridization with feral pigs threatens the last two populations on Negros and Panay. [177] VisayanWartyPig01.jpg
Speke's gazelle Gazella spekeiunknown [178] EN [178] Decrease2.svg [178] Extinct in its former Ethiopian range, and Somalian population is declining rapidly due to hunting pressures. [178] Speke's Gazell.jpg
Dwarf musk deer

(Forest musk deer)

Moschus berezovskiiunknown [179] EN [179] Decrease2.svg [179] Total population was estimated to be 100,000-200,000 in 1992, but this estimate was a rough guess at the time and is highly uncertain. [179] Moschus berezovskii - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02453.JPG
Alpine musk deer Moschus chrysogasterunknown [180] EN [180] Decrease2.svg [180] Several rough estimates exist at the regional level within China and Nepal, but abundance across the species' range is largely unknown. [180] Moschus chrysogaster 287858485 (cropped).jpg
Kashmir musk deer Moschus cupreusunknown [181] EN [181] Decrease2.svg [181] Muskdeerjpg.jpg
Black musk deer Moschus fuscusunknown [182] EN [182] Decrease2.svg [182] Moschus fuscus - Kunming Natural History Museum of Zoology - DSC02455.JPG
Himalayan musk deer

(White-bellied musk deer)

Moschus leucogasterunknown [183] EN [183] Decrease2.svg [183] Ayyl mvSHq hhymlAyh - Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH-mnKHm.Al.png
Javan warty pig Sus verrucosusunknown [184] EN [184] Decrease2.svg [184] Sus verrucosus in PCBA.jpg
Philippine mouse-deer

(Balabac mouse deer)

Tragulus nigricansunknown [185] EN [185] Decrease2.svg [185] Tragulus nigricans.jpg
Buru babirusa

(Hairy babirusa)

Babyrousa babyrussaunknown [186] VU [186] Decrease2.svg [186] Babirussa Babyrousa babyrussa.jpg
Marsh deer Blastocerus dichotomusunknown [187] VU [187] Decrease2.svg [187] Population across entire range is unknown, but 43,000 individuals are estimated to reside in Brazil. [187] Marsh Deer, Esteros Del Ibera, Corrientes, Argentina, 3rd. Jan. 2011 - Flickr - PhillipC.jpg
Takin Budorcas taxicolorunknown [188] VU [188] Decrease2.svg [188] Populations of some subspecies were estimated in the last century, but no population estimate exists for entire species: [188]
  • B. t. bedfordi - 5,069 (ca. 2001)
  • B. t. taxicolor - 3,500 (ca. 1998)
  • B. t. tibetana - 370-410 (ca. 1989)
  • B. t. whitei - unknown
 Mishmi-Takin Budorcas taxicolor taxicolor Zoo Augsburg-07.jpg
Red serow

(Burmese red serow)

Capricornis rubidusunknown [189] VU [189] Decrease2.svg [189] Capricornis rubidus.jpg
Mainland serow Capricornis sumatraensisunknown [190] VU [190] Decrease2.svg [190] IUCN lists three subspecies of this one; some studies indicate they may be standalone species: [190] [191] Serow Capricornis sumatraensis.JPG
Water deer Hydropotes inermisunknown [192] VU [192] Decrease2.svg [192] Hydropotes inermis male.JPG
Mérida brocket Mazama briceniiunknown [193] VU [193] Decrease2.svg [193] mzAmh mrydAnyt,Ayvr SHl mSHtmSH mnKHm.Al.jpg
Dwarf brocket

(Peruvian dwarf brocket)

Mazama chunyiunknown [194] VU [194] Decrease2.svg [194] Mazama2.JPG
Pygmy brocket

(Brazilian dwarf brocket)

Mazama nanaunknown [195] VU [195] ? [195] Mazama nana.jpg
Little red brocket

(Dwarf red brocket)

Mazama rufinaunknown [196] VU [196] Decrease2.svg [196] Little Red Brocket (Mazama rufina) (cropped).jpg
Yucatan brown brocket Odocoileus pandoraunknown [197] VU [197] Decrease2.svg [197] IUCN places this species in genus Mazama. [197] Yucatan Brown Brocket Deer (Mazama pandora) male, captive specimen, Chiapas.jpg
Siberian musk deer Moschus moschiferusunknown [198] VU [198] Decrease2.svg [198] Total population in Siberia is estimated to be 110,000 individuals (2011), and 44,000 individuals in Mongolia (1986). No abundance data is available for the species' range in China or Korea. [198] Siberian Musk Deer.jpg
Chinese goral Naemorhedus griseusunknown [199] VU [199] Decrease2.svg [199] Naemorhedus griseus 117793693 (cropped).jpg
Bornean bearded pig

(Bearded pig)

Sus barbatusunknown [200] VU [200] Decrease2.svg [200] Bearded Pig (Sus barbatus) (15732875065).jpg
Oliver's warty pig Sus oliveriunknown [201] VU [201] Decrease2.svg [201]
Philippine warty pig Sus philippensisunknown [202] VU [202] Decrease2.svg [202] Philippine warty pig (Sus philippensis) in Philippine Eagle Center, Davao, Philippines.jpg
White-lipped peccary Tayassu pecariunknown [203] VU [203] Decrease2.svg [203] Total population in the Peruvian Amazon is estimated to be 477,000 individuals, though this makes up only a small portion of the species' total range. [203] Tayassu pecari 339487426.jpg
Himalayan tahr Hemitragus jemlahicusunknown [204] NT [204] Decrease2.svg [204] Prague 07-2016 Zoo img06 Hemitragus jemlahicus.jpg
Himalayan goral Naemorhedus goralunknown [205] NT [205] Decrease2.svg [205] Himalayan Goral at Katra.jpg
Palawan bearded pig Sus ahoenobarbusunknown [206] NT [206] Decrease2.svg [206] Palawan bearded pig.jpg
Taiwan serow

(Formosan serow)

Capricornis swinhoeiunknown [207] LC [207] ? [207] Chang Zong Shan Yang .jpg
Giant forest hog

(Forest hog)

Hylochoerus meinertzhageniunknown [208] LC [208] Decrease2.svg [208] Hylochoerus meinertzhageni 334089057.jpg
Amazonian brown brocket Mazama nemorivagaunknown [209] LC [209] Decrease2.svg [209] Mazama nemorivaga 445706683.jpg
Indian spotted chevrotain

(Indian chevrotain)

Moschiola indicaunknown [210] LC [210] ? [210] Indian spotted chevrotain (2016).jpg
Yellow-striped chevrotain Moschiola kathygreunknown [211] LC [211] ? [211] Moschiola kathygre.jpg
Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain

(White-spotted chevrotain)

Moschiola meminnaunknown [212] LC [212] ? [212] Sri Lankan chevrotain (Moschiola meminna) (cropped).jpg
Mule deer Odocoileus hemionusunknown [213] LC [213] Steady2.svg [213] Odocoileus hemionus 1.jpg
Collared peccary Pecari tajacuunknown [214] LC [214] Steady2.svg [214] Collared Peccary crossing the road (cropped).jpg
Desert warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicusunknown [215] LC [215] Decrease2.svg [215] Desert Warthog, Tsavo National Park, Kenya 01.jpg
Common warthog Phacochoerus africanusunknown [216] LC [216] Decrease2.svg [216] Total population in South Africa is estimated to be at least 22,250 individuals, but population is not known across the rest of its range. [216] Nolan warthog (Phacochoerus africanus africanus).jpg
Bushpig Potamochoerus larvatusunknown [217] LC [217] Steady2.svg [217] Bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus) big sow (29415919673).jpg
Red river hog Potamochoerus porcusunknown [218] LC [218] Decrease2.svg [218] Potamochoerus porcus otomops 1 cropped.jpg
Cape grysbok Raphicerus melanotisunknown [219] LC [219] Steady2.svg [219] Population could be up to 231,448 individuals in the Cape Floristic Region, and is estimated to be between 1,704 to 129,544 individuals in the Western Cape province. However, no estimates exist over the rest of its range. [219] Raphicerus melanotis 398168939.jpg
Gray brocket Subulo gouazoubiraunknown [220] LC [220] Decrease2.svg [220] IUCN places this species in genus Mazama. [220] Veado-catingueiro (Mazama gouazoubira) - Gray brocket.jpg
Wild boar Sus scrofaunknown [221] LC [221] ? [221] Wild Boar Habbitat 3.jpg
Lesser mouse-deer

(Lesser oriental chevrotain)

Tragulus kanchilunknown [222] LC [222] ? [222] Tragulus kanchil 85946254.jpg
Greater mouse-deer

(Greater oriental chevrotain)

Tragulus napuunknown [223] LC [223] Decrease2.svg [223] Greater mouse-deer.jpg

See also

References

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