英文互译镜像站

List of active separatist movements in North America

Last updated

This is a list of currently active separatist movements in America. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism.

Contents

Criteria

What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:

  1. They are active movements with active members.
  2. They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
  3. They are citizens / people of the conflict area and do not come from another country.

Under each region listed is one or more of the following:

Antigua and Barbuda

Barbuda

Belize

Toledo District [3] [4]

Canada

Flag of Alberta.svg Alberta

Flag of the Blackfoot Confederacy.jpg Blackfoot Confederacy [12]

Flag of British Columbia.svg British Columbia

Northeast British Columbia [16]

Cape Breton Island Flag (Popular).svg Cape Breton Island [17]

Cascadia Cascadia map and bioregion vector.svg
Cascadia

Cascadia WM.svg Cascadia

Flag of Haida Gwaii.svg Haida Gwaii

Heiltsuk Nation

Flag of Labrador.svg Labrador

Newfoundland Tricolour.svg Newfoundland [24]

Northern Ontario

Northwestern Ontario [28]

Nunavik [29]

Nuxalk

Flag of Quebec.svg Quebec

Flag of Saskatchewan.svg Saskatchewan

Vancouver Island

Western Canada Western provinces in Canada.svg
Western Canada

Western Canada

Colombia

Flag of San Andres y Providencia.svg San Andrés y Providencia

Costa Rica

Limón Province [50]

Cuba

Isla de la Juventud [51]

Denmark

Map of Greenland Greenland ice sheet AMSL thickness map-en.png
Map of Greenland

Flag of Greenland.svg Greenland

Dominican Republic

Cibao

France

Map of Guadeloupe Guadeloupe in France 2016.svg
Map of Guadeloupe
Map of Martinique Martinique in France 2016.svg
Map of Martinique

Guadeloupe

Flag-of-Martinique.svg Martinique

Grenada


Flag of Carriacou and Petite Martinique.png Carriacou and Petite Martinique [62]

Haiti

La Gonave flag.png Gonâve Island

Drapeau du Grand'Anse.png South Haiti

Grand'Anse, Sud, Sud-Est and Nippes

Honduras

Coastal Departments of Honduras [68]

Mexico

Autonomist movements
Zapatista Chiapas in Mexico (location map scheme).svg
Zapatista

Flag of Chiapas.svg Chiapas

Triqui

Flag of Aridoamerica.svg El Norte / Aridoamerica

Baja California [82]

Netherlands

Flag of Curacao.svg Curaçao

Flag of Aruba.svg Aruba

Flag of Sint Maarten.svg Sint Maarten

Flag of Bonaire.svg Bonaire [89]

Flag of Saba.svg Saba [90]

Nicaragua

Flag of the Mosquito Reserve (1881-1894).svg Miskitu

Panama

Madungandí [94]

Bocas del Toro Province [95]

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Nevis and the neighbour Saint Kitts island Saint Kitts and Nevis Regions map.png
Nevis and the neighbour Saint Kitts island

Flag of Nevis.svg Nevis [97]

Trinidad and Tobago

Bandera de la isla de Tobago.png Tobago

United States

Alaska Alaska in United States (US50) (+grid) (W3).svg
Alaska

Flag of Alaska.svg Alaska

Flag of Aztlan.png Aztlán

California California in United States.svg
California

Flag of California.svg California

Cascadia WM.svg Cascadia

Cascadia map and bioregion vector.svg

Deseret [118]

Flag of Florida.svg Florida [ citation needed ]

Flag of Louisiana.svg Louisiana

Native Americans

Boundaries of the Republic of New Afrika Republic of New Afrika.svg
Boundaries of the Republic of New Afrika

New Afrika

Ensign of New England (pine only).svg New England [125]

Flag of New Hampshire.svg New Hampshire [126]

Southern US Map of USA South.svg
Southern US

Southern United States

Flag of Texas.svg Texas

Flag of Vermont.svg Vermont

Territories

Puerto Rico Puerto Rico (orthographic projection).svg
Puerto Rico

Flag of Puerto Rico.svg Puerto Rico

Flag of British Virgin Islands (alternative).png Virgin Islands

United Kingdom

Flag of Anguilla.svg Anguilla [145]

Unofficial flag (unidentified) of Bermuda.png Bermuda [146] [147] [148]

Unofficial flag (alternative) of Cayman Islands.png Cayman Islands [151] [152]

Flag of the Turks and Caicos Islands.svg Turks and Caicos Islands [153]

Flag of British Virgin Islands (alternative).png Virgin Islands (BVI/USVI) [155]

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Heated debate on Barbuda secession begins in parliament". Antigua Observer. September 25, 2020. Retrieved December 22, 2021.
  2. ↑ "Barbuda's secession request goes to Parliament". Antigua News Room. September 11, 2020. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  3. ↑ "The Struggle to Implement Maya Land Rights in Belize". August 31, 2022.
  4. ↑ "Belize Fails to Obtain Maya Consent on Consent Protocol". February 20, 2022.
  5. ↑ "Maya Leaders Alliance".
  6. ↑ Naylor, Dave (May 25, 2020). "POLL: 45-48% of Albertans back independence". Western Standard. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  7. ↑ Cecco, Leyland; Agren, David (November 25, 2019). "Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved November 25, 2019.
  8. ↑ "A new poll suggests Alberta is the province that most wants to separate from Canada — not Quebec". nationalpost. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  9. ↑ "The man behind Wexit wants Alberta to become the 51st state".
  10. ↑ "Alberta as the 51st state?".
  11. ↑ "LITTLEJOHN: Alberta as the 51st State isn't a crazy as you might think". February 12, 2020.
  12. ↑ "BLACKFOOT CONFEDERACY CHIEFS DENOUNCE BILL 54 AND AFFIRM BLACKFOOT TREATY SOVEREIGNTY". May 2025.
  13. ↑ Caddel, Katherine (January 7, 2023). "UPDATE: Local separatist group looking to part from Canada". Energeticcity.ca. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  14. ↑ "B.C. residents least interested in separating from Canada, poll finds". British Columbia. July 1, 2022. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  15. ↑ "Separatist sentiment growing in B.C.: survey". INFOnews. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  16. ↑ "UPDATE: Local separatist group looking to part from Canada". January 7, 2023.
  17. ↑ "Making the legal argument why Cape Breton Island should be its own entity separate from Nova Scotia".
  18. 1 2 "Cascadia Department of Bioregion home page" . Retrieved March 21, 2022.
  19. 1 2 "Opinion: The Pacific Northwest, strong and free: On the inevitable rise of Cascadia". The Globe and Mail. September 17, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  20. 1 2 "Could a Cascadian Secession Actually Happen?". Seattle Met. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  21. ↑ "Mandate".
  22. ↑ Cecco, Leyland (June 12, 2025). "An Indigenous nation in Canada hails historic constitution: 'We're now the architects of certainty for ourselves'". The Guardian.
  23. ↑ "Final Report of the Royal Commission on Renewing and Strengthening Our Place in Canada". Government of Newfoundland and Labrador. 2002. Archived from the original on December 17, 2021. Retrieved May 17, 2021.
  24. ↑ "Debate over Confederation still lively in Newfoundland 75 years later".
  25. ↑ "Separatist Northern Ontario Party is officially registered".
  26. ↑ "Northern Ontario's dream to secede, reborn: 'We're treated like a colony'". nationalpost.com. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  27. ↑ "TVO Today | Current Affairs Journalism, Documentaries and Podcasts". www.tvo.org. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  28. ↑ "The lumberjacks are not OK". The Economist . Archived from the original on October 31, 2020.
  29. ↑ "Quebec Inuit seek to achieve autonomy through "self-determination process"".
  30. ↑ "Members -". May 9, 2024.
  31. ↑ Dutrisac, Robert (May 14, 2011). "Sondage Léger Marketing-Le Devoir - L'appui à la souveraineté ne fléchit pas". Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  32. ↑ Fournier, Philippe J. (March 10, 2023). "338Canada: Why Quebec sovereigntists are looking up". POLITICO. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  33. ↑ "Canada: Quebec separatist party calls for split with British monarchy". BBC News. October 26, 2022. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  34. ↑ Bélair-Cirino, Marco (November 7, 2015). "La CAQ change d'identité". Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  35. ↑ "The One Thing That Might Save Jean Charest". HuffPost. January 6, 2012. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  36. ↑ Burgess, Steve (November 11, 2021). "Please Advise! Now Saskatchewan Wants to Split?". The Tyee. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  37. ↑ Fawcett, Max (November 18, 2021). "No, Saskatchewan, you're not a nation". Canada's National Observer. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  38. ↑ "Opinion | Western separatism? It's just another way for a premier to say, 'Show me the money'". thestar.com. November 13, 2021. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  39. ↑ "Les Leyne: Islanders yearn for independence". Times Colonist. August 3, 2013.
  40. ↑ "Forget Wexit, it's time to talk about the separation of Vancouver Island - Ladysmith Chronicle". www.ladysmithchronicle.com. October 31, 2019. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  41. ↑ "Separatism in BC: the Province of Vancouver Island? | News". dailyhive.com. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  42. ↑ Thomson, John (December 21, 2022). "THOMSON: The west is going maverick… so where is the Maverick Party?". Western Standard. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  43. ↑ Kirby, Jason (October 25, 2019). "Trudeau's victory sparks 'Wexit' separatist talk in Canada's west". Financial Times. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  44. ↑ Cecco, Leyland; Agren, David (November 25, 2019). "Wexit: Alberta's frustration fuels push for independence from Canada". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  45. ↑ "Aclaración del Movimiento Amen SD". El Isleño (in Spanish). March 17, 2014. Archived from the original on February 17, 2022. Retrieved October 17, 2022.
  46. ↑ "Independencia, opción de los raizales de San Andrés" (in Spanish). September 19, 2013. Retrieved October 13, 2022.
  47. ↑ "Marchan en la isla de San Andres a favor de la separación de Colombia". Caracol Radio (in Spanish). June 3, 2007. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  48. ↑ "¿Un referéndum independentista para San Andrés?". www.xn--elisleo-9za.com. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  49. ↑ "Autodeterminacion en el Caribe" (PDF). February 26, 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 26, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2023.
  50. ↑ "Grupo de ciudadanos promueven la independencia de la provincia de Limón". March 15, 2019.
  51. ↑ "Blackouts in the Isle of Youth lead the population to demand independence". June 17, 2025.
  52. ↑ "Greenland Steps Up Its Independence Calls as Oil Ambitions Grow". Bloomberg.com. January 11, 2011. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  53. ↑ "As the ice melts, Greenland considers its future". BBC News. January 9, 2020. Retrieved December 16, 2020.
  54. ↑ "Plantea crear República del Cibao como solución a problemas nacionales". Haitianinternet.com (in Spanish). March 31, 2015. Retrieved May 6, 2024.
  55. ↑ "Activista propone creación de la República del Cibao como alternativa a problemas nacionales". elsolsantiago.com (in Spanish). September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  56. ↑ "Plantea crear República del Cibao como solución a problemas nacionales". Loop (in Spanish). September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  57. ↑ Crowell, Maddy (April 21, 2018). "The Island Where France's Colonial Legacy Lives On". The Atlantic. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  58. 1 2 "Martinique and Guadeloupe still in turmoil - International Viewpoint - online socialist magazine". internationalviewpoint.org. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  59. 1 2 Alcoy, Philippe (December 4, 2021). "France's Discussion of Autonomy for Guadeloupe and Martinique Is an Imperialist Maneuver". Left Voice. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  60. ↑ "Le PPDG proteste contre la mise à l'écart des partis politiques lors du 17ème congrès des élus". Guadeloupe la 1ère (in French). June 1, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  61. ↑ "Pro-independence candidate wins in Martinique, does not want to change status quo (for now)". Nationalia (in Catalan). January 6, 2023. Retrieved June 1, 2023.
  62. ↑ "Clouden addresses the Carriacou House of Assembly". October 15, 2022.
  63. ↑ "Residents of La Gonave Haiti call for independence of the island". Haitianinternet.com. September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  64. ↑ "Gonâve : A wind of independence blows on the island". iciHaiti. September 6, 2019. Retrieved September 6, 2019.
  65. ↑ "Des citoyens réclament l'indépendance de l'île de la Gonâve". Loop (in French). September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  66. ↑ "Gouvernance Des gonaviens réclament l'indépendance de l'île". Vant Bèf Info (VBI) (in French). September 5, 2019. Retrieved September 5, 2019.
  67. ↑ "Great South Symposium: A call for regional autonomy". October 31, 2024.
  68. ↑ Castillo Guity, Rony Leonidas (May 2021). "Iseri Lidáwamari : autonomía territorial y educativa en la comunidad Garifuna de Vallecito en Honduras".
  69. ↑ Vidal, John (February 17, 2018). "Mexico's Zapatista rebels, 24 years on and defiant in mountain strongholds". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  70. ↑ Villegas, Paulina (August 26, 2017). "In a Mexico 'Tired of Violence,' Zapatista Rebels Venture Into Politics". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  71. ↑ "Mexico's Zapatistas Have Been Rebelling for Decades". Teen Vogue. January 30, 2019. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  72. ↑ Tucker, Duncan. "Mexico's Zapatistas". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  73. ↑ "Triqui | Indigenous Peoples | Intercontinental Cry" . Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  74. ↑ "On a Hunger Strike, the Displaced women of San Juan Copala | Intercontinental Cry" . Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  75. ↑ "Oaxaca: indigenous protest camp eviction". CounterVortex. January 7, 2013. Retrieved June 2, 2023.
  76. ↑ "Del proyecto Aridoamérica al Nortexit: toman fuerza las posturas separatistas en México". El Sol de México. August 25, 2024. Retrieved January 9, 2025.
  77. ↑ "Desmitiendo la popular narrativa del "Nuevo León Independiente"" (in Spanish). September 16, 2024. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
  78. ↑ "No es nuevo, intento de separación de Nuevo León". ABC Noticias (in Spanish). April 24, 2020. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
  79. ↑ Feldman, Aarón Benjamín López (January 24, 2022). "Hacer a Nuevo León un reino de nuevo. El proyecto nostálgico de Abelardo A. Leal y la excepcionalidad regiomontana". Sillares. Revista de Estudios Históricos (in Spanish). 1 (2): 16–61. doi: 10.29105/sillares1.2-1 . ISSN   2683-3239.
  80. ↑ "Realizan consulta para que Nuevo León se independice de México". MVS Noticias (in Spanish). January 5, 2025. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
  81. ↑ Esquivel, Por Israel Aguilar (January 6, 2025). "Regia República de Nuevo León: recaudan firmas para convertir al estado en un país independiente". infobae (in European Spanish). Retrieved February 10, 2025.
  82. ↑ "IEEBC da palo a Movimiento Independiente como partido político". June 28, 2023.
  83. ↑ "Call for demonstrations in Curaçao and St. Maarten on Dec. 19, expected apology by Rutte | NL Times". nltimes.nl. December 18, 2022. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  84. ↑ "MFK Wants An Independent Curacao". Soualiga Youth. April 7, 2017. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  85. ↑ Leidel-Schenk, Leoni (October 12, 2012). "Partijen aan het woord: Pueblo Soberano". Versgeperst.com Curacao. Retrieved June 3, 2023.
  86. ↑ "Movimiento Electoral di Pueblo: Pagina Principal".
  87. ↑ "El incierto camino de Aruba hacia la independencia | NR | Periodismo alternativo" (in Spanish). January 16, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
  88. ↑ "URSM unveils 10-year vision for Country St. Maarten's autonomy". December 8, 2023.
  89. ↑ ""We deserve to speak and defend our own island Bonaire". St. Martin News Network. July 5, 2023. Archived from the original on July 5, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2025.
  90. ↑ "VVD puts islands' potential for independence in election prog". September 4, 2023.
  91. ↑ "Nación Moskitia: un sueño de independencia - Realidades" (in Spanish). October 14, 2023. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  92. ↑ "Los indígenas que quieren el dinero del narco". BBC News Mundo (in Spanish). May 24, 2011. Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  93. ↑ Investiga, Nicaragua (September 14, 2020). "¡Viva la Independencia!: El grito de los indígenas en la Costa Caribe". Nicaragua Investiga (in Spanish). Retrieved September 11, 2024.
  94. ↑ "Kuna in Panama".
  95. ↑ "Solicitan título de Propiedad Colectiva del Territorio Bribrí". October 15, 2021.
  96. ↑ "Comunidad Bribri de Panamá avanza en la conservación de 2,000 hectáreas y fortalece su gobernanza". March 6, 2025.
  97. ↑ "Independence for Nevis still on the agenda, says premier". Caribbean Net News. July 16, 2006. Archived from the original on August 8, 2006. Retrieved March 19, 2019.
  98. ↑ "Address by the Leader of the Nevis Reformation Party Dr. Janice Daniel-Hodge New Year's Day 2022". NevisPages.com. December 31, 2021. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  99. ↑ "Freedom in the World 2013 - St. Kitts and Nevis". Refworld. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  100. 1 2 Connelly, Corey (July 5, 2021). "Tracy: Does PDP want autonomy for Tobago? - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday". newsday.co.tt. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  101. 1 2 "PNM slams PDP's plan for Tobago's independence | Loop Trinidad & Tobago". Loop News. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  102. ↑ "House to debate autonomy". Tobago House of Assembly. January 20, 2014. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  103. ↑ Connelly, Corey (July 2, 2020). "One Tobago Voice to contest general election - Trinidad and Tobago Newsday". newsday.co.tt. Retrieved June 5, 2023.
  104. ↑ "Alaska secession initiative blocked by Alaska High Court". Ballotpedia. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  105. ↑ Francis, Marie (September 20, 2018). "We should revitalize the Alaska Independence Party. Here's why". Anchorage Daily News. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  106. ↑ "Alaskan Independence Party". www.akip.org.
  107. 1 2 "National MEChA | The Philosophy of MEChA". May 17, 2011. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  108. ↑ "My journey to Aztlán - Freedom Road Socialist Organization | FRSO". March 4, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  109. ↑ "Defining 'Chicanismo' Since the 1969 Denver Youth Conference". KCET. March 24, 2016. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  110. ↑ "National M.E.Ch.A. Official Website". February 18, 2017. Archived from the original on February 18, 2017. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  111. ↑ "El socialismo - Freedom Road Socialist Organization | FRSO". September 21, 2022. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  112. ↑ "Unity Statement of Freedom Road Socialist Organization - Freedom Road Socialist Organization". FRSO. May 6, 2001. Retrieved December 7, 2022.
  113. ↑ "Column: Meet the man who wants to make California a sovereign entity". Los Angeles Times. August 26, 2015. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  114. ↑ Pearl, Mike (February 17, 2016). "Meet the California Separatists Leading a New Movement to Secede from the United States". Vice. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  115. ↑ Jennewein, Chris (July 27, 2017). "Independent California? Backers Begin Gathering Signatures for Initiative". Times of San Diego. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  116. ↑ "Far-fetched as they might seem, secession movements are thriving in the NW". opb. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  117. ↑ "Should Oregon Secede? Initiative Seeks To Ask Oregon Voters That Question". opb. Retrieved May 31, 2023.
  118. ↑ "New movement of religious extremists push ultra-conservative vision in US". the Guardian. August 9, 2021. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
  119. ↑ "'Free Louisiana' Secessionists Call For State's Independence From US". Newsweek .
  120. ↑ "USA -". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  121. ↑ "OST inauguration set for Friday". Rapid City Journal. December 2, 2008. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  122. ↑ "Black Separatist | Southern Poverty Law Center". February 17, 2021. Archived from the original on February 17, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  123. ↑ "Are US black separatist groups on the rise?". BBC News. July 11, 2016. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  124. ↑ "Our Work". UNITED NATION OF IFA-ORISA-VODUN. Retrieved December 17, 2022.
  125. ↑ "'My Nation Is New England': Meet New England's Separatist Movement".
  126. ↑ "Secession Group Launches in New Hampshire: 'We Demand Better'". Newsweek .
  127. ↑ "What is The League Of The South". League of The South. June 8, 2017. Archived from the original on January 26, 2018. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  128. ↑ Weill, Kelly (March 27, 2018). "Neo-Confederate League of the South Banned From Armed Protesting in Charlottesville". The Daily Beast. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  129. ↑ Hayden, Michael Edison (January 27, 2018). "Violent White Nationalists Are Rallying in Florida". Newsweek. Retrieved June 7, 2023.
  130. ↑ Chappel, Bill (June 20, 2022). "Texas GOP's new platform says Biden didn't really win. It also calls for secession". npr . Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  131. ↑ Holley, Peter (October 10, 2022). "Are Texas Republicans Serious About Secession?". Texas Monthly. Retrieved June 8, 2023.
  132. ↑ "NHexit".
  133. ↑ "Vermont Independence Party convention". Seven Days newspaper. September 2012.
  134. ↑ "Only in Vermont?! A Vermont Independence Party (VIP) in the State House". VTDigger. August 30, 2012. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  135. ↑ "If at First You Don't Secede: Trump Could Revitalize Vermont Movement". Seven Days. January 11, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  136. ↑ Ketcham, Christopher (March 19, 2013). "U.S. Out of Vermont!". The American Prospect. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  137. ↑ Robles, Frances (June 11, 2017). "23% of Puerto Ricans Vote in Referendum, 97% of Them for Statehood". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331 . Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  138. ↑ Marcos, Coral Murphy (July 20, 2022). "Statehood or independence? Puerto Rico's status at forefront of political debate". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077 . Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  139. ↑ "Reunification with Spain?". www.pr51st.com. Puerto Rico 51st. April 5, 2021. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  140. ↑ "Adelante Reunificacionistas". Adelante Reunificacionistas (in Spanish). October 17, 2024. Retrieved December 3, 2024.
  141. ↑ "The history of Puerto Rico shows that nationalism can be liberatory rather than xenophobic | LSE Latin America and Caribbean". LSE Latin America and Caribbean blog. May 21, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  142. ↑ "International day of solidarity with the independence of Puerto Rico". www.gp.org. November 1, 2020. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  143. ↑ "What Does The USVI And Puerto Rico Have In Common? A Summary Of A Stimulating Discussion On Self-Determination In The Virgin Islands". viconsortium.com. Retrieved June 9, 2023.
  144. ↑ "'Homegrown' Independent Citizens Movement Celebrates 50 Years". St. Thomas Source. October 22, 2018. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
  145. ↑ "Anguilla Signs Country Implementation Plan".
  146. ↑ 1995 Bermudian independence referendum
  147. ↑ "Poll shows growing opposition to Bermuda's independence". CNW Network. January 13, 2023. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  148. ↑ "Throne Speech sparks debate on Independence – Bermuda Education Network". www.bermudaeducationnetwork.com. Retrieved May 30, 2023.
  149. ↑ Lagan, Sarah (September 20, 2022). "'Our next step is certainly to be a sovereign state' Burt tells BBC during interview". www.royalgazette.com. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
  150. ↑ Lagan, Sarah (November 21, 2022). "Bermuda should 'strive' to get off list of non self-governing countries – Premier". www.royalgazette.com. Retrieved November 18, 2023.
  151. ↑ "Cayman is ready for independence". September 7, 2020.
  152. ↑ "Eden calls for independence from UK 'noose'". October 22, 2020.
  153. ↑ "PDM's Leader, Astwood ready to campaign on Independence". July 8, 2023.
  154. ↑ "Michael Misick's push for independence intensifies as NISC launches in TCI".
  155. ↑ "The British Virgin Islands divided on the issue of independence".
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
镜像站群霸屏 泛目录+镜像 蜘蛛池+镜像 镜像精灵 镜像软件