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The International Left Opposition (ILO) was an organisation founded by Leon Trotsky in 1930.
It was meant to be an opposition group within the Comintern, but members of the Comintern were immediately expelled as soon as they joined (or were suspected of joining) the ILO. The ILO, therefore, concluded that opposing Stalinism from within the Communist organizations controlled by Stalin's supporters had become impossible, so new organizations had to be formed. In 1933, the ILO was renamed the International Communist League (ICL), which was dissolved in 1936 but formed the basis of the Fourth International, founded in Paris in 1938.
