Earl Warren was an American lawyer,politician,and jurist who served as the 30th governor of California from 1943 to 1953 and as the 14th Chief Justice of the United States from 1953 to 1969. The Warren Court presided over a major shift in American constitutional jurisprudence,which has been recognized by many as a "Constitutional Revolution" in the liberal direction,with Warren writing the majority opinions in landmark cases such as Brown v. Board of Education (1954),Reynolds v. Sims (1964),Miranda v. Arizona (1966),and Loving v. Virginia (1967). Warren also led the Warren Commission,a presidential commission that investigated the 1963 assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He served as Governor of California from 1943 to 1953,and is the last chief justice to have served in an elected office before nomination to the Supreme Court. Warren is generally considered to be one of the most influential Supreme Court justices and political leaders in the history of the United States.
Gideon v. Wainwright,372 U.S. 335 (1963),was a landmark U.S. Supreme Court decision in which the Court ruled that the Sixth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution requires U.S. states to provide attorneys to criminal defendants who are unable to afford their own. The case extended the right to counsel,which had been found under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments to impose requirements on the federal government,by imposing those requirements upon the states as well.
Gideon Welles,nicknamed "Father Neptune",was the United States Secretary of the Navy from 1861 to 1869,a cabinet post he was awarded after supporting Abraham Lincoln in the 1860 election. Although opposed to the Union blockade of Southern ports,he duly carried out his part of the Anaconda Plan,largely sealing off the Confederate coastline and preventing the exchange of cotton for war supplies. This is viewed as a major cause of Union victory in the Civil War,and his achievement in expanding the Navy almost tenfold was widely praised. Welles was also instrumental in the Navy's creation of the Medal of Honor.
The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit is the U.S. federal court of appeals that has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. district courts for the following federal judicial districts:
Gideons International is an Evangelical Christian association for men founded in 1899 in Janesville,Wisconsin. The Gideons' primary activity,along with their wives in the Auxiliary,is "encouraging each other to do the work of the Lord,focusing on who they are before God,and strengthening the power of their personal testimony for the Lord Jesus Christ". They are most recognized for distributing copies of scripture free of charge,paid for by freewill offerings from local churches and from members themselves. This Bible distribution is a worldwide enterprise taking place in around 200 countries,territories and possessions. The association's members focus on distributing complete Bibles,New Testaments,or portions thereof. These copies are printed in over 108 languages. The association is most widely known for its Bibles placed in lodging rooms. The Gideons also distribute to hospitals and other medical offices,schools and colleges,military bases,as well as jails and prisons. The association was named after the Biblical figure Gideon depicted in the Book of Judges.
Joseph Anthony Lewis was an American public intellectual and journalist. He was a two-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize and was a columnist for The New York Times. He is credited with creating the field of legal journalism in the United States.
Clarence Earl Gideon was a poor drifter accused in a Florida state court of felony breaking and entering. While in prison,he appealed his case to the U.S. Supreme Court,resulting in the landmark 1963 decision Gideon v. Wainwright holding that a criminal defendant who cannot afford to hire a lawyer must be provided one at no cost.
Bruce Robert Jacob is a former Assistant Attorney General for the State of Florida during the early 1960s. He represented Louie L. Wainwright,the Director of the Florida Division of Corrections,in the Supreme Court case of Gideon v. Wainwright,decided in March 1963,regarding the right to counsel of indigent defendants in non-capital felony cases in state courts. The attorney representing the Petitioner,Clarence Gideon,was Abe Fortas,a Washington,D.C. lawyer who later became a Justice of the Supreme Court. The previous 1942 Supreme Court case of Betts v. Brady required the appointment of counsel for an indigent defendant at state expense if there was a “special circumstance”present in the case which made it necessary for counsel to be provided for the defendant to receive a fair trial. For example,if the defendant was indigent and was extremely young,or lacked education or experience,was unfamiliar with court procedures,or if the charges against him were complex,the trial court was required under the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to appoint counsel. Jacob argued against any extension of the defendant's right to counsel. The Court in Gideon overruled Betts and required state courts to appoint attorneys for defendants in all felony prosecutions.
Gideon Sprague Ives was an American politician who served as Mayor of St. Peter,Minnesota,Minnesota State Senator and as the 11th Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota.
James Lee Rankin was the 31st United States Solicitor General.
Gideon Tabor Stewart was an American lawyer and politician who served as the Prohibition Party's vice presidential nominee in 1876. He was elected three times as grand worthy chief templar of the Good Templars of Ohio.
University of Nashville was a private university in Nashville,Tennessee. It was established in 1806 as Cumberland College. It existed as a distinct entity until 1909;operating at various times a medical school,a four-year military college,a literary arts college,and a boys preparatory school. Educational institutions in operation today that can trace their roots to the University of Nashville include Montgomery Bell Academy,an all-male preparatory school;the Vanderbilt University Medical School;Peabody College at Vanderbilt University;and the University School of Nashville,a co-educational preparatory school.
Gideon Lee was an American politician who was the 60th Mayor of New York City from 1833 to 1834,and United States Representative from New York for one term from 1835 to 1837.
Copyscape is an online plagiarism detection service that checks whether similar text content appears elsewhere on the web. It was launched in 2004 by Indigo Stream Technologies,Ltd.
Legal aid in the United States is the provision of assistance to people who are unable to afford legal representation and access to the court system in the United States. In the US,legal aid provisions are different for criminal law and civil law. Criminal legal aid with legal representation is guaranteed to defendants under criminal prosecution who cannot afford to hire an attorney. Civil legal aid is not guaranteed under federal law,but is provided by a variety of public interest law firms and community legal clinics for free or at reduced cost. Other forms of civil legal aid are available through federally-funded legal services,pro bono lawyers,and private volunteers.
Gideon Nye Jr. was an American diplomat,art collector,writer and merchant in the East Indian and China trade,known both for his art collection and for his books on China.
The Assistance of Counsel Clause of the Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:"In all criminal prosecutions,the accused shall enjoy the right...to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence."
In the United States,a public defender is a lawyer appointed by the courts and provided by the state or federal governments to represent and advise those charged with a crime or crimes who cannot afford to hire a private attorney. Public defenders are full-time attorneys employed by the state or federal governments. The public defender system is one of several types of criminal legal aid,the most common other system being appointed private counsel paid for by the government.
The Stone Court refers to the Supreme Court of the United States from 1941 to 1946,when Harlan F. Stone served as Chief Justice of the United States. Stone succeeded the retiring Charles Evans Hughes in 1941,and served as Chief Justice until his death,at which point Fred Vinson was nominated and confirmed as Stone's replacement. He was the fourth chief justice to have previously served as an associate justice and the second to have done so without a break in tenure. Presiding over the country during World War II,the Stone Court delivered several important war-time rulings,such as in Ex parte Quirin,where it upheld the President's power to try Nazi saboteurs captured on American soil by military tribunals. It also supported the federal government's policy of relocating Japanese Americans into internment camps.
Gideon's Trumpet is a 1980 American made-for-television historical drama film based on the biographical book of the same name written by Anthony Lewis. The film depicts the historical events before and during the 1963 United States Supreme Court case of Gideon v. Wainwright that brought the right of an attorney to criminal defendants who could not afford it and did not meet special requirements to get one for free. After the ruling,implements of the case were enacted publicly,nationally,and even globally.
United States Army 