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Constituencies of Singapore

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Constituencies in Singapore are electoral divisions which may be represented by single or multiple seats in the Parliament of Singapore. Constituencies, also called (electoral) divisions, are classified as either single-member constituencies (SMCs) or group representation constituencies (GRCs). An SMC is represented by a single Member of Parliament (MP) while a GRC can have anywhere between three and six (in practice, four or five) seats in Parliament.

Contents

Group Representation Constituencies

In 1988, the People's Action Party (PAP) introduced Group Representation Constituencies (GRCs) through an amendment to the Parliamentary Elections Act. [1] The President, acting on the advice of the Prime Minister and guided by the Elections Department, may establish GRCs consisting of three to five electoral wards. The maximum size of GRCs has varied over time: initially three candidates, increasing to four in 1991, six between 1997 and 2020, and then reduced to five from the 2020 elections onwards. [2]

GRCs are a unique feature of Singaporean electoral politics, consisting of multi-member constituencies where teams, or slates, of candidates from a single party or independents compete for all available seats. Each GRC team must include at least one candidate from a minority race, such as a Malay, Indian, or Other. [2] Voting within GRCs follows a plurality voting system, where the party or group winning the most votes in a GRC secures all seats within that constituency. As a result, a party can accumulate a significant number of votes nationally but still fail to win certain GRCs. Historically, the PAP held all GRC seats until 2011. [3] The official purpose of GRCs, as explained by former Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, is to ensure minority representation in Parliament and maintain a multiracial composition. [4]

Response

Opposition parties have criticised that the GRC system in making it more difficult for non-PAP candidates to win seats in Parliament. The high candidate deposit, which ranges from S$4,000 to S$16,000 and was most recently set at S$13,500 per candidate, increases the financial burden on opposition parties contesting GRCs. [2] Additionally, the inclusion of Cabinet Ministers as candidates in GRCs is viewed as an advantage for the PAP, a strategy that has been employed in vulnerable constituencies such as Cheng San GRC during the 1997 Singaporean general election. [5] The opposition has also raised concerns about last-minute boundary changes and has pointed to examples such as Joshua Benjamin Jeyaratnam's 1981 win in the Anson constituency, arguing that minority representation in Parliament has diminished since the GRC system was introduced.

The boundaries of electoral constituencies in Singapore are set by the Elections Department, which functions under the Prime Minister's Office. [6] These boundaries are typically announced shortly before elections, often only a few days before the election is officially called. [6] [7] Some observers have expressed concern over this process, particularly regarding the dissolution of constituencies where opposition parties had performed well. [8]

One frequently cited example in discussions about electoral boundary adjustments is Cheng San GRC. In the 1997 Singaporean general election, it was contested closely by the PAP and the Workers' Party of Singapore (WP), with the PAP winning 54.8% of the vote to WP’s 45.2%. Following the 2001 Singapore general election, Cheng San GRC was dissolved. Despite the challenges faced by opposition parties, the WP has since achieved success in winning GRCs, notably Aljunied GRC in the 2011 Singapore general election [8] and Sengkang GRC in the 2020 Singaporean general election.

Current electoral map (2025 – present)

As of March 2025, the number of electors in the latest Registers of Electors is 2,758,095.

Constituencies for Singapore's General Election 2025.svg

Group Representation Constituencies (2025)

ConstituencySeatsDistrict PrefixMinority representationElectoratePolling Districts [9] Wards
Aljunied 5AJMalay144,27651Bedok Reservoir–Punggol, Eunos, Kaki Bukit, Paya Lebar, Serangoon
Ang Mo Kio 5AMIndian or other161,49455Ang Mo Kio–Hougang, Buangkok–Fernvale South, Cheng San, Seletar–Serangoon, Teck Ghee
Bishan–Toa Payoh 4BSMalay98,67935Bishan East–Sin Ming, Toa Payoh Central, Toa Payoh East, Toa Payoh West–Thomson
Chua Chu Kang 4CKMalay93,51235 [note 1] Brickland–Tengah, Chua Chu Kang, Keat Hong, Tengah
East Coast 5ECMalay151,02453Bedok, Changi–Simei, Fengshan, Joo Chiat, Kampong Chai Chee
Holland–Bukit Timah 4HTIndian or other123,16940Bukit Timah, Cashew, Ulu Pandan, Zhenghua
Jalan Besar 4JBMalay106,32742Kampong Glam, Kolam Ayer, Kreta Ayer–Kim Seng, Whampoa
Jurong East–Bukit Batok 5JEIndian or other142,72848Bukit Batok, Bukit Batok East, Clementi, Hong Kah North, Yuhua
Marine Parade–Braddell Heights 5MHMalay131,78947Braddell Heights, Geylang Serai, Kembangan, MacPherson, Marine Parade
Marsiling–Yew Tee 4MYMalay119,51641Limbang, Marsiling, Woodgrove, Yew Tee
Nee Soon 5NSIndian or other151,83650Chong Pang, Nee Soon Central, Nee Soon East, Nee Soon Link, Nee Soon South
Pasir Ris–Changi 4PCMalay100,70632Changi, Pasir Ris Central, Pasir Ris East, Pasir Ris West
Punggol 4PGIndian or other123,77843Punggol Coast, Punggol North, Punggol Shore, Punggol West
Sembawang 5SBMalay134,10346Admiralty, Canberra, Naval Base, Sembawang Central, Woodlands
Sengkang 4SKMalay126,80841Anchorvale (WP) / Sengkang West (PAP), Buangkok (WP) / Sengkang Central (PAP), Compassvale (WP) / Sengkang North (PAP), Rivervale (WP) / Sengkang East (PAP)
Tampines 5TMMalay148,09855 [note 1] Tampines Boulevard, Tampines Central, Tampines East, Tampines North, Tampines West
Tanjong Pagar 5TPIndian or other140,07552Buona Vista, Henderson–Dawson, Moulmein–Cairnhill, Telok Blangah, Tanjong Pagar–Tiong Bahru
West Coast-Jurong West 5WJIndian or other158,81754 [note 1] Ayer Rajah, Boon Lay, Jurong Spring–Gek Poh, Nanyang, Taman Jurong, West Coast

Single Member Constituencies

ConstituencySeatsDistrict PrefixElectoratePolling Districts [9]
Bukit Gombak 1BG26,4187
Bukit Panjang 1BP33,59412
Hougang 1HG29,4669
Jalan Kayu 1JK29,62010
Jurong Central 1JU29,66912
Kebun Baru 1KR22,2519
Marymount 1MR23,2647
Mountbatten 1MB22,8317
Pioneer 1PI25,1959
Potong Pasir 1PS30,95910
Queenstown 1QT28,90511
Radin Mas 1RM25,55911
Sembawang West 1SE24,1927
Tampines Changkat 1TC24,0329 [note 1]
Yio Chu Kang 1YK25,4049

See also

References

  1. ↑ Now the Parliamentary Elections Act( Cap. 218,2011 Rev. Ed. )
  2. 1 2 3 Hussin Mutalib, 'Constitutional-Electoral Reforms and Politics in Singapore', Legislative Studies Quarterly 21 (2) (2002), p. 665.
  3. ↑ Elections types - electoral Archived 23 April 2025 at the Wayback Machine , accessed 18 Apr 2025.
  4. ↑ Hussin Mutalib, 'Constitutional-Electoral Reforms and Politics in Singapore', Legislative Studies Quarterly 21 (2) (2002), p. 664.
  5. ↑ Hussin Mutalib, 'Constituational-Electoral Reforms and Politics in Singapore', Legislative Studies Quarterly 21 (2) (2002), p. 666.
  6. 1 2 Alex Au Waipang, 'The Ardour of Tokens: Opposition Parties' Struggle to Make a Difference', in T.Chong (eds), Management of Success: Singapore Revisited (Singapore, 2010), p. 106.
  7. ↑ Diane K. Mauzy and R.S. Milne, Singapore Under the People's Action Party (London, 2002), p. 143.
  8. 1 2 Bilveer Singh, Politics and Governance in Singapore: An Introduction (Singapore, 2007), p. 172.
  9. 1 2 "The Report of the Electoral Boundaries Review Committee, 2025" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 March 2025. Retrieved 5 June 2025.
  1. 1 2 3 4 Polling districts AJ53, AJ54, CK01, CK02, EC42, HT40, JR47, MY14, PS11 and WE27 have to share polling stations near each other to optimise demand.
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