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Column of the Temple of Poseidon at Chatsworth

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Column of the Temple of Poseidon at Chatsworth House
Bust of the 6th Duke of Devonshire, atop a column from the Temple Of Poseidon, Cape Sounion, with inscription by George Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle - Chatsworth House - Derbyshire, England - DSC03588.jpg
Front of the column enclosed by the Serpentine Hedge
Column of the Temple of Poseidon at Chatsworth
Interactive map of Column of the Temple of Poseidon at Chatsworth House
Location Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, England
Coordinates 53°13′24″N1°36′35″W / 53.223341°N 1.609842°W / 53.223341; -1.609842
OS grid reference SK 26145 69659
Builtc. 1840
Built for William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire
Architectural styles Doric order, Neoclassical sculpture
Listed Building – Grade II
Official nameDoric Column and the Bust of Sixth Duke
Designated19 June 1987
Reference no.1051668
The bust framed by the Serpentine Hedge Chatsworth (48521557976).jpg
The bust framed by the Serpentine Hedge

The column of the Temple of Poseidon is one of the surviving features in the Chatsworth House garden from the period of William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire. Surmounted by an over life-sized bronze bust of the sixth Duke, the Ancient Greek column of four Doric marble drums on a square sandstone base was erected c. 1840. [1] It is located at the south termination of the Serpentine Hedge, by the midpoint of a footpath linking between the Maze and the south end of the Broadwalk. The structure has been Grade II listed since 1987. [1]

Contents

Origin and history

The fluted drums were taken from the Temple of Poseidon, Sounion in Attica, Greece, dated c. 480 BC. [2] [3] However, as can be seen from the object's pedestal poem inscription whereby its provenance was mistakenly referred to Minerva (the Greek Athena), the name of the Temple of Poseidon was misunderstood in 19th century until 1897, when Valerios Stais’ excavation of this site rediscovered the temple's name and its worshiped deity, Poseidon, god of the sea. [4] Further research suggests that the four drums are presumably from a single collapsed Poseidon Temple column of which the bottom, 3rd, 4th and the 6th drum were stacked in sequence and formed this object. [3] The probable seventh one is held in the British Museum. [5]

Some point before the publication of his Handbook (1845), [6] possibly in 1825 when his half brother returned from the Mediterranean voyage, the sixth Duke of Devonshire was gifted these column drums from his half brother Augustus Clifford, who at the time was the captain of HMS Euryalus and collected several antiquities in Greece between 1821 and 1825 during his military deployment in the Mediterranean. [2]

The bronze bust is a work of Thomas Campbell, commissioned by the sixth Duke during 1822–1823 in his trip to Rome. [7]

The lines on the base were composed by the Duke's nephew, George Howard, 7th Earl of Carlisle (then Lord Morpeth), [8] before 1831. [9]

Pedestal inscriptions

The column's 19th-century sandstone pedestal has metal plaques on three faces inscribed:

North

These fragments stood on Sunium's airy steep,
They reared aloft Minerva's guardian's shrine,
Beneath them rolled the blue Aegean deep,
And the Greek pilot hailed them as divine.

West

Such was e’en then their look of calm repose,
As wafted round them came the sound of fight,
When the glad shout of conquering Athens rose,
O’er the long track of Persia's broken flight.

South

Tho clasped by prostrate worshippers no more,
They yet shall breathe a thrilling lesson here,
Tho distant from their own immortal shore,
The spot they grace is still to freedom dear.

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Doric Column and the Bust of Sixth Duke, Chatsworth – 1051668 | Historic England". historicengland.org.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  2. 1 2 Liddel, Peter; Low, Polly (2019). "Chatsworth". Attic Inscriptions in UK Collections. 7: 8.
  3. 1 2 Beschi, Luigi (1970). "Disiecta membra del tempio di Poseidon a Capo Sunio". Annuario della Scuola Archeologica di Atene. 47-48 (1969–1970): 417–433.
  4. ↑ Paga, Jessica (2016). "The Archaic Temple of Poseidon at Sounion" . Hesperia: The Journal of the American School of Classical Studies at Athens. 85 (4): 657–710. doi:10.2972/hesperia.85.4.0657. JSTOR   10.2972/hesperia.85.4.0657. S2CID   133192326.
  5. ↑ "column | British Museum". The British Museum. Retrieved 2022-11-05.
  6. ↑ William Cavendish, The 6th Duke of Devonshire (1845). Handbook of Chatsworth and Hardwick. Privately Printed.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ↑ Yarrington, Alison (2009). "'Under Italian skies', the 6th Duke of Devonshire, Canova and the formation of the Sculpture Gallery at Chatsworth House" (PDF). The Chatsworth House Trust.
  8. ↑ Howard, George (1869). Poems by George Howard, Earl of Carlisle (PDF). London: E. Moxon, Son & Co. pp. 33, 34. Retrieved 1 April 2026.
  9. ↑ "Derby and Chesterfield Reporter" . 22 December 1831. p. 8 – via British Newspaper Archive.
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