Boiken (Nucum, Yangoru) is one of the more populous of the Ndu languages of Sepik River region of northern Papua New Guinea. It is spoken around Boiken Creek in Yangoru-Saussia District, East Sepik Province and adjacent islands off the north coast of northern Papua New Guinea. ^[1]

Contents

• Phonology
• References
• External links

Phonology

• Stop sounds /p, t̪s̪, t, k/ are heard as voiced [b, d̪z̪, d, ɡ] when following a nasal counterpart.
• /k/ has an allophone of a glottal [ʔ] in word-final position, or when preceding a consonant in word-medial position.
• Sounds /ɸ, s, x/ can be voiced as [β, z, ɣ] in intervocalic positions.
• /n/ is heard as [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants, or freely in word-final position.
• /r/ can be heard as a voiceless trill [r̥] in word-initial positions.

• /ɨ, ə/ have allophones of [ɪ, ɛ] when following dental and alveolar sounds.
• /u/ has an allophone of [ʊ] when preceding /k/ heard as a glottal [ʔ] in word-medial and word-final positions.
• /o/ has an allophone of [ɔ] when following labial and velar sounds.

References

External links

• Paradisec houses two collections of Arthur Capell's materials that include Boiken (AC1 and AC2) as well as notes from Don Laycock's work (DL2) all of these collections are open access.