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Afonso Ribeiro | |
|---|---|
| Captain of Alcatrazes Islands | |
| In office 1504 –before 1508 | |
| Preceded by | João de Santarém |
| Succeeded by | Rodrigi Varela |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Portugal |
| Died | Portuguese Empire |
Afonso Ribeiro was the first person exiled in Brazil,namely referred to in the letter of Pero Vaz de Caminha of 1500.
It is recorded in Caminha's letter that,while returning from a voyage to the Indies,Pedro Álvares Cabral left two exiles on Brazilian soil to walk with the Indians and understand their lives and their manners. One was Afonso Ribeiro and the other,whose identity is not known with certainty,may have been João de Thomar. [1]
Afonso was condemned for deportation for being "guilty of death";that is,he was accused of committing an assassination. He had been raised by João de Telo and was about to marry Elena Gonçalves,who,disillusioned by her fiancée,took religious vows.
It was registered by Valentim Fernandes,a royal notary,that the two exiles stayed for 20 months in that land and,upon returning,told that they had lived with the Indians. It is a probability that they were rescued during the expedition of Gonçalo Coelho in 1501 and 1502. It was also stated,not long after Cabral's return,that Afonso Ribeiro,at the height of his despair,took possession of a pirogue and ventured out into the sea,trying to reach the fleet of the men who had left him. After paddling for some time,he became exhausted;seeing only the sails of the vessels already at high sea,he was certain that he would not reach the ships.
He probably headed to Cape Verde around 1503 or 1504 and possibly later became captain of Cape Verde's Alcatrazes,which may refer to Maio. He might have been the second captain before João de Santarém. He left the post before 1508,which was later taken by Rodrigo Varela who was the last captain of Alcatrazes.
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Bartolomeu Dias was a Portuguese mariner and explorer. In 1488,he became the first European navigator to round the southern tip of Africa and to demonstrate that the most effective southward route for ships lies in the open ocean,well to the west of the African coast. His discoveries effectively established the sea route between Europe and Asia.
Portuguese colonization of the Americas constituted territories in the Americas belonging to the Kingdom of Portugal. Portugal was the leading country in the European exploration of the world in the 15th century. The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 divided the Earth outside Europe into Castilian and Portuguese global territorial hemispheres for exclusive conquest and colonization. Portugal colonized parts of South America,but also made some unsuccessful attempts to colonize North America.
Pedro Álvares Cabral was a Portuguese nobleman,military commander,navigator and explorer regarded as the European discoverer of Brazil. He was the first human in history to ever be on four continents,uniting all of them in his famous voyage of 1500,where he also conducted the first substantial exploration of the northeast coast of South America and claimed it for Portugal. While details of Cabral's early life remain unclear,it is known that he came from a minor noble family and received a good education. He was appointed to head an expedition to India in 1500,following Vasco da Gama's newly opened route around Africa. The undertaking had the aim of returning with valuable spices and of establishing trade relations in India—bypassing the monopoly on the spice trade then in the hands of Arab,Turkish and Italian merchants. Although the previous expedition of Vasco da Gama to India,on its sea route,had recorded signs of land west of the southern Atlantic Ocean,Cabral led the first known expedition to have touched four continents:Europe,Africa,America,and Asia.
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Gaspar de Lemos was a Portuguese explorer and captain of the supply ship of Pedro Álvares Cabral's fleet that arrived to Brazil. Gaspar de Lemos was sent back to Portugal with news of their discovery and was credited by the Viscount of Santarém as having discovered the Fernando de Noronha archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean.
Pêro or PeroVaz de Caminha was a Portuguese knight that accompanied Pedro Álvares Cabral to India in 1500 as a secretary to the royal factory. Caminha wrote the detailed official report of the April 1500 discovery of Brazil by Cabral's fleet. He died in a riot in Calicut,India,at the end of that year.
Nicolau Coelho was an expert Portuguese navigator and explorer during the Age of Discovery. He participated in the discovery of the route to India by Vasco da Gama where he commanded Berrio,the first caravel to return;was captain of a ship in the fleet headed by Pedro Álvares Cabral who landed in Brazil. He died at sea,possibly off the coast of Mozambique,while returning from India in the 5th Portuguese Armada with Francisco de Albuquerque.
Sancho de Tovar,6th Lord of Cevico,Caracena and Boca de Huérgano was a Portuguese nobleman of Castilian birth,best known as a navigator and explorer during the Portuguese age of discoveries. He was the vice-admiral (soto-capitão) of the fleet that discovered Brazil in 1500,and was later appointed Governor of the East African port-city of Sofala by king Manuel I. In this post,he conducted several exploratory missions in the interior regions of present-day Mozambique.
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Pero de Ataíde or Pedro d'Ataíde,nicknamed O Inferno (Hell),was a Portuguese sea captain in the Indian Ocean active in the early 1500s. He was briefly captain of the first permanent Portuguese fleet in the Indian Ocean,taking over from Vicente Sodré,and the author of a famous letter giving an account of its fate.
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