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1861 in archaeology

Last updated December 13, 2025

Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1861.

Explorations

First scientific investigations of Nalanda Mahavihara in Bihar.
British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham identifies the ancient city of Vaishali with the present-day village of Basrah in Bihar.

Excavations

June - First modern excavation of the Neolithic chambered cairn and passage grave of Maeshowe on Orkney by James Farrer.^[1]
Excavation of Long Hole Cave in Glamorgan reveals prehistoric flint artefacts.^[2]
Excavation of Umm al-Amad, Lebanon, by Ernest Renan, abandoned when he finds that the ruins are only about two thousand years old.^[3]
Excavation of Vergina by Leon Heuzey.

Publications

Edward Burnett Tylor - Anahuac: Or Mexico and the Mexicans, Ancient and Modern.

Events

Archaeological Survey of India founded.

Births

October 6 - Gaston Cros, French army officer and archaeologist (killed in action 1915)

References

↑ Ritchie, Graham; Anna (1981). Scotland: Archaeology and Early History. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 9. ISBN 0-500-27365-0.
↑ Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales (1976). An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-11-700588-4.
↑ Mission de Phénicie .

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[1] Ritchie, Graham; Anna (1981). Scotland: Archaeology and Early History. London: Thames and Hudson. p. 9. ISBN 0-500-27365-0.

[2] Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales (1976). An Inventory of the Ancient Monuments in Glamorgan. Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments in Wales. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-11-700588-4.

[3] Mission de Phénicie .

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