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San Marino,officially the Republic of San Marino and also known as the Most Serene Republic of San Marino,is a European microstate and enclave within Italy. Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains,it is the fifth-smallest country in the world,with a land area of just over 61 km2 and a population of 33,660 as of 2022.
As the only surviving medieval commune in the Italian Peninsula,the history of San Marino is intertwined with the medieval,Renaissance and modern-day history of the Italian peninsula,according to tradition beginning with its foundation in 301 AD.
The politics of the state of San Marino take place in a framework of a unitary parliamentary representative democratic republic,whereby the Captains Regent are the heads of state and heads of government. The country has a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Grand and General Council. The judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
San Marino is an independent and sovereign member of the international community. It maintains an extensive diplomatic network relative to its diminutive size,as well as an active foreign policy and international presence.
Captains Regent are the two heads of state of the Republic of San Marino. They are elected every six months by the Grand and General Council,the country's legislative body. Normally the Regents are chosen from parties in coalition and serve a six-month term. The investiture of the Captains Regent takes place on 1 April and 1 October every year. This tradition dates back at least to 1243.
Maria Lea Pedini-Angelini served as a Captain Regent of San Marino from 1 April 1981 to 1 October 1981. She served with Gastone Pasolini. She was the first female head of state of San Marino and,at age 26,making her the youngest non-royal state leader in Europe since 1900. She later served as Director in the Ministry of Government and Foreign Affairs,and has been a non-resident Ambassador in the Ministry to France,Denmark,Sweden,Norway and Hungary.
Assunta "Tina" Meloni is a politician of San Marino. She was Captain Regent of San Marino for the term from 1 October 2008 to April 2009 together with Ernesto Benedettini. She is also a member of the Council of Europe.
Oscar Mina is a Sanmarinese politician,who served as Captain Regent of San Marino with Paolo Rondelli from 1 April to 1 October 2022. He previously served as Captain Regent from 1 April 2009 to October 2009 together with Massimo Cenci.
Paolo Rondelli is a Sammarinese politician and diplomat who served as Captain Regent of San Marino alongside Oscar Mina from 1 April to 1 October 2022. He is the world's first openly LGBT+ head of state.
Antonella Mularoni is a Sammarinese politician who was Captain Regent of San Marino from April 2013 until October 2013 and Secretary for Foreign Affairs. She was the Sammarinese judge for the European Court of Human Rights. She graduated in law from Bologna University.
The Sammarinese Fascist Party or PFS was a fascist political party that ruled San Marino from 1923 to 1943.
Francesco Mussoni is a Sammarinese politician and was a Captain Regent of San Marino together with Stefano Palmieri from 1 October 2009 to 1 April 2010 and a second time together with Giacomo Simoncini from 1 October 2021 to 1 April 2022.
San Marino is a small landlocked country with an area of about 61.2 km2 (23.6 sq mi) on a rocky promontory at an elevation of 657 meters (2,156 ft) in central Italy. In 2023,the population was 33,636. It is the third smallest country in Europe after Vatican City and Monaco. It is traditionally held to have been founded as a republic in 301 AD,was recognized by the Papacy in 1631,and became a member of the United Nations in 1992. As of 2009,the ethnic composition was about 84.95% Sammarinese,14.6% Italians and others.
Italy and San Marino have had diplomatic relations since Italian unification. Bilateral relations between Italy and San Marino have gone through various phases and have their official beginning after the Unification of Italy proclaimed in the Subalpine Parliament by Vittorio Emanuele II on 17 March 1861.
Massimo Andrea Ugolini is a politician who served as a Captain Regent of San Marino. He was in office from 1 April 2016 to 1 October 2016 and is a member of the Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party.
Gian Nicola Berti is a politician who served as a Captain Regent of San Marino. He served from 1 April 2016 to 1 October 2016 and represented We Sammarinese.
The COVID-19 pandemic in San Marino was a part of the ongoing worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. The virus was confirmed to have reached San Marino in February 2020.
Events in the year 2021 in San Marino.
Events in the year 2022 in San Marino.
Gaetano Troina is a Sammarinese politician,director of the press office of the political party Domani Motus Liberi,member of the Grand and General Council. He served as captain regent of San Marino alongside Filippo Tamagnini from October 2023 to April 2024.
References
- Salvatori, Luca (1 April 2009). "The advent of the new Captain Regents (L'insediamento dei nuovi Capitani Reggenti)". Radio e Televisione della Repubblica di San Marino (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2009-06-02. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
- "New Regency San Marino (Nuova Reggenza San Marino)". News San Marino (Notizie San Marino) (in Italian). 2 April 2009. Archived from the original on 5 April 2009. Retrieved 2009-05-23.
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