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List of cytochrome P450 modulators

Last updated August 06, 2025

This is a list of cytochrome P450 modulators, or inhibitors and inducers of cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Enzyme	Inhibitors	Inducers
CYP1A1	Certain foods (e.g., cumin, turmeric) Certain herbs/herbal teas (e.g., peppermint, German chamomile, dandelion, Kava) Amiodarone Caffeine Cimetidine Citalopram Crisaborole Echinacea Efavirenz Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) Fluvoxamine Interferon Isoniazid Methoxsalen Mibefradil Naringenin (grapefruit) Nilutamide Ribociclib Rucaparib Simeprevir St. John's wort Ticlopidine Verapamil	Certain foods (e.g., broccoli, cauliflower, brussels sprouts, chargrilled meat) Armodafinil Insulin Methylcholanthrene Modafinil Nafcillin Omeprazole Phenytoin beta-Naphthoflavone Tobacco
CYP2A6	Amiodarone Amlodipine Buprenorphine Clofibrate Clotrimazole Desipramine Disulfiram Entacapone Fenofibrate Flavonoids (grapefruit) Gabapentin Isoniazid Ketoconazole Letrozole Methimazole Methoxsalen Metyrapone Miconazole Modafinil Nicotine Orphenadrine Pilocarpine Pregabalin Selegiline Sulconazole Tioconazole Tranylcypromine	Barbiturates (e.g., amobarbital, pentobarbital, phenobarbital, secobarbital) Rifampicin
CYP2B6	Clopidogrel Crisaborole Curcumin (turmeric) Memantine Orphenadrine Rucaparib Thiotepa Ticlopidine Voriconazole Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)	Carbamazepine Phenobarbital Phenytoin Rifampicin
CYP2C8	Gemfibrozil Letermovir Montelukast Perampanel Quercetin Teriflunomide Thiazolidinediones Trimethoprim	Rifampicin Rifapentine
CYP2C9	Amiodarone Apigenin Chloramphenicol Cimetidine Cyclizine Fenofibrate Flavonoids (e.g., amentoflavone ( Ginkgo biloba , St. John’s Wort)) Fluconazole Fluvastatin Fluvoxamine Isoniazid Kava Lovastatin Miconazole Modafinil Nilutamide Paroxetine Phenylbutazone Probenecid Promethazine Quercetin Sertraline Sulfamethoxazole Sulfaphenazole Teniposide Valproic acid Voriconazole Zafirlukast	Aprepitant Bosentan Carbamazepine Enzalutamide Phenobarbital Phenytoin Rifampicin Rifapentine Secobarbital St. John's Wort
CYP2C19	Armodafinil Cannabidiol Chloramphenicol Cimetidine Citalopram Felbamate Fluconazole Fluoxetine Fluvoxamine Indomethacin Isoniazid JWH-018 Kava Ketoconazole Moclobemide Modafinil Oxcarbazepine Probenecid Proton pump inhibitors (e.g., esomeprazole, lansoprazole, omeprazole, pantoprazole, rabeprazole) Ticlopidine Topiramate	Artemisinin Aspirin Carbamazepine Enzalutamide Norethisterone Phenytoin Prednisone Rifampicin
CYP2D6	Amiodarone Buprenorphine Bupropion Cannabidiol Celecoxib Chlorphenamine Chlorpromazine Cimetidine Cinacalcet Citalopram Clemastine Clomipramine Cocaine Diphenhydramine Doxepin Doxorubicin Duloxetine Escitalopram Fluoxetine Halofantrine Haloperidol Hydroxyzine Hyperforin (St. John's Wort) Kava Levomepromazine Methadone Methylphenidate Metoclopramide Mibefradil Midodrine Moclobemide Niacin (nicotinic acid) and its form – niacinamide (nicotinamide), collectively called as vitamin B3 Omeprazole Paroxetine Perphenazine Promethazine Quinidine Ranitidine Risperidone Ritonavir Sertraline Terbinafine Thioridazine Ticlopidine Tripelennamine Zuclopenthixol	Dexamethasone Glutethimide Haloperidol Rifampicin
CYP2E1	Cimetidine Niacin (nicotinic acid) and its form – niacinamide (nicotinamide), collectively called as vitamin B3 Clomethiazole	Ethanol (Alcohol (drug)) Isoniazid
CYP3A4	Amiodarone Aprepitant Bergamottin (grapefruit) Buprenorphine Cafestol Cannabidiol Chloramphenicol Cimetidine Ciprofloxacin Clarithromycin Cobicistat Colchicine Delavirdine Diltiazem Dithiocarbamate Domperidone Erythromycin Esomeprazole Fluconazole Fluvoxamine Gestodene Ginkgo biloba Imatinib Indinavir Isoniazid Itraconazole Kava Ketoconazole Mibefradil Mifepristone Milk thistle Nefazodone Nelfinavir Niacin (nicotinic acid) and its form – niacinamide (nicotinamide), collectively called as vitamin B3 Nilutamide Norfloxacin Omeprazole Orphenadrine Pantoprazole Piperine Quercetin Ranitidine Ritonavir Saquinavir Seproxetine ((S)-norfluoxetine/ Fluoxetine metabolite) Star fruit Telithromycin Valerian Valproic acid Verapamil Voriconazole	Armodafinil Barbiturates (e.g., butalbital, phenobarbital) Capsaicin Carbamazepine Efavirenz Enzalutamide Glucocorticoids Modafinil Nevirapine Oxcarbazepine Phenytoin Pioglitazone Quercetin Rifabutin Rifampicin Rifapentine St. John's wort Topiramate Troglitazone Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha)
CYP4–51	See Prostanoid signaling modulators and Leukotriene signaling modulators instead for eicosanoid-specific CYP450s, including: CYP4F3 (leukotriene-B4 ω-hydroxylase 2) CYP5A1 (thromboxane-A synthase) CYP8A1 (prostacyclin synthase)	See the list of steroid metabolism modulators instead for steroid/sterol-specific CYP450s, including: CYP7A1 (cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) CYP7B1 (25-hydroxycholesterol 7α-hydroxylase) CYP8B1 (sterol 12α-hydroxylase) CYP11A1 (cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme; P450scc) CYP11B1 (steroid 11β-hydroxylase) CYP11B2 (aldosterone synthase) CYP17A1 (steroid 17α-hydroxylase/17,20-lyase) CYP19A1 (aromatase) CYP21A2 (steroid 21-hydroxylase) CYP24A1 (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase) CYP27A1 (sterol 27-hydroxylase) CYP27B1 (25-hydroxyvitamin D3 1α-hydroxylase) CYP39A1 (oxysterol 7α-hydroxylase 2) CYP46A1 (cholesterol 24-hydroxylase) CYP51A1 (lanosterol 14α-demethylase)

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List of cytochrome P450 modulators

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