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List of Chemins de fer de l'Est locomotives

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The Chemins de fer de l'Est was one of the five main constituents of the SNCF at its creation in 1938.

Est No.Power
class
(Série)		SNCF No.TypeManufacturerYear madeQuantity madeYear(s) withdrawnComments
1–251— 1A1 n2 Société Expansion 184725by 1907Most rebuilt as 1B n2 [1]
26–401— 1A1 n2 Cave184715by 1907Most rebuilt as 1B n2 [1]
41–501— 1A1 n2 Cave1848–4910by 1884 [1]
51–531— 1A1 n2 Motteau18463by 1884 [2]
54–781— 1A1 n2 Société Ch.Derosne et Cail 184725by 1907Most rebuilt as 1B n2 [2]
79–90 ?— 2A n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 1852121913 Crampton locomotives. 80 Le Continent preserved at Cité du train. [2]
91–1002— 1B n2 Schneider et Cie 185310by 1914 [3]
101–1353— B1 n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 1853–5435by 1930 [3]
136–141 ?— 1A1 n2 Charbonnier & Cie.185461884 [4] Ex Saint-Dizier–Gray 1–6
142–143 ?— B1 n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 18542by 1900 [4] Ex Saint-Dizier–Gray 7–8
144–1573— B1 n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 185514by 1933 [5]
158–173—— 1A1 n2 Charbonnier & Cie.185416by 1890 [5]
174–188 ?— 2A n2 Schneider et Cie 185615by 1913 [6] Crampton locomotives
189–2223— 1B n2 André Koechlin (10)
Ernest Goüin et Cie (24)		1855–5734by 1910 [7] 21 rebuilt as 1B1, 1888–91; rebuilds withdrawn 1929–30
223–2283— 1B n2 Mulhouse Works185361869–80 [8] ex Strasbourg–Bale 0.1 to 0.6
229–2423— 1B n2 Mulhouse Works1858141875–84 [6] ordered by Strasbourg–Bale as 0.7 to 0.20 (continuation of 0.1 to 0.6 series) delivered to Est
243–2583— 1B n2 Ernest Gouin et Cie 1856–5716by 1910 [9] 254 Sold to contractors in 1857 and replaced.
259 ?— 1B n2 Stehelin & Huber183911855 [10] ex Strasbourg–Bâle, exx Mulhouse–Thann no. IV
260–261 ?— 1A1 n2 Stehelin & Huber183921855–58 [10] ex

Strasbourg–Bâle 8 and 9, 1849 rebuilt as 1Bn2

262–263 ?— 1A1 n2 J. J. Meyer 184221859 [11] ex Strasbourg–Bâle 24 and 25
264–265 ?— 1A1 n2 André Koechlin 1839–4021856–68 [10] ex Strasbourg–Bâle, exx Mulhouse–Thann I and II
266–268 ?— 1A1 n2 Sharp, Roberts & Company 183831855–61 [10] ex Strasbourg–Bâle 2, 1, and 3
269–286 ?— 1A1 n2 André Koechlin 1840–41181858–72 [12] ex Strasbourg–Bâle 4–7, 10–23
287 ?— 1A1 n2 Schneider et Cie 183911861 [12] ex Strasbourg–Bâle, exx Mulhouse–Thann III
259–2603— B1 n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 18572by 1907 [9] ex Parent & Schaken, contractors. Acquired 1861
261–2853— 1B n2t Graffenstaden (8)
André Koechlin (8)
Épernay Works (9)		1869–79251908–30 [13]
288–299 ?— 1A1 n2 Alfred Hallette et Cie1846–4712by 1883 [14] ex Montereau–Troyes 1, 3–5, 7, 9–10, 12–16
300–303 ?— 1B n2 Alfred Hallette et Cie1846–474by 1880 [14] ex Montereau–Troyes 2, 6, 8, 11
304–3612— 1B n2 Épernay Works (20)
Graffenstaden (38)		1858–63581910–26 [15]
362–420 ?— 1B n2 Schneider et Cie 1857–62591891–1910 [16] ex Ardennes 1–59; four rebuilt as 2-4-2
421–4403— 1B n2 Graffenstaden (10)
Schneider (10)		1869201910–20 [17]
441–485 31-021.A.446 – 478 B1 n2 SACM-G (25)
SACM-B (20)		1885451926–45 [18] later Série 4
501–510 3— 1B n2 Épernay Works1878–79101907–13 [19] Two rebuilt as 4-4-0
508-509 ?— 2′B n2 Épernay Works189221924–25 [19] rebuilt from 2-4-0s (same number)
511–562 3— 1B n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. (12)
Wiener Neustadt (20)
Épernay Works (20)		1882–865219 [20]
601–612 ?— 2A n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 1857121900–13 [21] Crampton locomotives, ex PLM, acquired 1869
613–742 81-031.TA.638 – 741 C1 n2t Épernay Works (55)
SACM-G (41)
Cail (10)
Batignolles (14)		1881–951301924–? [22] 50 rebuilt as 4-6-0T (1899) and renumbered B 684 … B 733  [ fr ]; 45 rebuilt as 2-6-2T (1904–11) and renumbered V 613 … V 666  [ fr ]
7518— 1C n2t Borsig189811931 [23] Prussian T9.2 received as war reparations
801–8409— 2′B n2 Épernay Works1891–95401904–22 [24] “Camels”
1000–10018— C n2 Graffenstaden186721892–93 [25] Power tenders removed in 1873 and rebuilt as 0-6-0T in 1886
1002–1003  [ fr ]91-030.A.2 C n2v Épernay Works189321937–38 [25]
1004–1005  [ fr ]91-030.A.3 – 4 C n2 Épernay Works189321940–45 [25]
0.1 – 0.10 5— C n2 Société Expansion 1848101891–99 [26]
0.11 – 0.32 5— C n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. (10)
André Koechlin (12)		1850–5222by 1926 [26]
0.33 – 0.50 6— C n2 André Koechlin 1852–5318by 1928 [26]
0.51 – 0.62 6— C n2 André Koechlin 185312by 1926 [27]
0.63 – 0.107 6— C n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 1853–5445by 1927 [28]
0.108 – 0.113 ?— C n2t André Koechlin 185461880–84 [29] 0.109 to PO in 1854, replaced by new 0.109 in 1855; old 0.109 returned and renumbered 0.211 in 1858. Renumbered 0.165 – 0.170 in 1880–84.
0.114 – 0.119 6— C n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 18546by 1927 [29] Mammouth
0.120 – 0.1357— C n2 André Koechlin 1855–56161891–1925 [29] Bourbonnais 0.120 renumbered 0.164 (1861) new Est No. 0.121 - 0.135 (1861)
0.136 – 0.1637— C n2 André Koechlin 185628by 1924 [30] Bourbonnais
0.164 – 0.188 ?— D2′ n2t Schneider et Cie 1856–57251859–68 [31] Engerth locomotives; rebuilt as 0-8-0 and renumbered 0.501 – 0.525 (1859–68)
0.189 – 0.200 7— C n2 Épernay Works185712by 1928 [32] Mammouth
0.201 – 0.210  [ fr ] ?1-030.TB.203 C n2t Mulhouse Works185810by 1944 [32] based on PO 1001-series design, 4 rebuilt as tram (Gargan to Livry) Est 0.203, 0.206, 0.208 and 0.209
0.211 ?— C n2t André Koechlin 185411883 [32] ex 0.109, retired 1858
0.212 – 0.2417— C n2 André Koechlin 185830by 1924 [33] Bourbonnais Identical to 0.121 – 0.164
0.242 – 0.249  [ fr ] ?— C n2t André Koechlin 1859819by 1933 [34]
0.250 – 0.277 8— C n2 Schneider et Cie 1859–61281920–37 [35] 12 rebuilt as 2-6-0 and renumbered 30252–30275 (1908–27)
0.278 – 0.284 6— C n2 Société J. F. Cail & Cie. 1851–567by 1926 [36] Acquired 1860–61 from CF Lyon à Mediterreanée and their Contractor, Parent et Schaken
0.171 – 0.182  [ fr ]6— C n2t Graffenstaden186612by 1920 [37]
0.183 – 0.184 ?— C n2t SACM-M187921906 [38] Ex Moselotte, acquired 1880
0.165 – 0.166 ?— C n2t Épernay Works18862by 1928 [39] Rebuilt from 1001–1002's steam tenders
0.278 – 0.299 8— C n2 Épernay Works1864–67221920–37 [39] 11 rebuilt as 2-6-0 and renumbered 30279–30298 (1905–1925)
0.300 – 0.349 8— C n2 Schneider et Cie 1858–62501920–37 [40] ex Ardennes 0.1 – 0.50, acquired 1863; 31 rebuilt as 2-6-0 and renumbered 30302–30349 (1908–26)
0.350 – 0.478 8— C n2 Épernay Works (109)
André Koechlin (20)		1866–841291920–37 [41] 72 rebuilt as 2-6-0 and renumbered 30352–30478 (1908–26)
0.479 – 0.500 8— C n2 Schneider et Cie 1881221930–37 [42] 2 rebuilt as 2-6-0 and renumbered 30480 and 30489 (1925)
0.501 – 0.525 91-040.A.509 – 520 D n2 1859–68251920–? [43] rebuilt from 0-8-4T Engerth locomotives
0.526 – 0.691 91-040.A.534 – 691 D n2 Graffenstaden (16)
Fives-Lille (16)
Épernay Works (6)
SACM (44)
Schneider et Cie (59)
Cail (25)		1866–88166by 1959 [44]
0.701 – 0.766 8— C n2 Schneider et Cie (33)
Épernay Works (3)
SACM-M (30)		1881–84661930–37 [45] 12 rebuilt as 2-6-0 and renumbered 30701–30766 (1914–25)
0.901 – 0.9487— C n2t SACM-M1880–8448by 1937 [46] PO 1031-series design
2401–240881-220.A.405 – 408 2′B n4v Épernay Works190081937–50 [47]
2409–243281-220.A.410 – 432 2′B n4v Épernay Works (14)
SACM (10)		1899–1900241924–50 [47]
2511–25614— 1B n2 Épernay Works1904–12511923–38 [48] Rebuilt from 511–561
2601–2602  [ fr ]81-221.A.601 – 602 2′B1 n4v SACM-B190221939–45 [49] Copies of Nord 2.643 series
2701–2705 ?— 2′B1 n4v SACM-G (5)1904–05(5)by 1933 [49] Ex de Glehn-type Prussian S 7  [ de ]; received as war reparations in 1919
2706–2710 ?— 2′B1 n4v Linke-Hofmann (1)
Hanomag (4)		1904–06(5)by 1933 [49] Ex von Borries-type Prussian S 7  [ de ]; received as war reparations in 1919
2901–2904 ?— 2′B1 n4v Hanomag 1909(4)by 1933 [50] Ex Prussian S 9; received as war reparations in 1919
3001–3015  [ fr ]101-030.B.1 – 14 C n2 Épernay Works1896–9715by 1952 [50] Development of 1004–1005
3101–3102 11— 2′C n4v Épernay Works190321933 [50] Prototypes
3103–3146  [ fr ]111-230.J/K.103 – 146 2′C n4v Épernay Works1906–0844by 1965 [51] Rebuilt with superheaters (1912–14); rebuilt with feedwater heaters (SNCF ‘K’) and renumbered 230.103–230.146 (1932–46)  [ fr ]
3147–3280  [ fr ]11S1-230.J/K.147 – 280 2′C h4v Épernay Works (44)
Maffei (20)
SACM-B (20)
Batignolles-Châtillon  [ fr ] (50)		1908–2713419 [52] Rebuilt with feedwater heaters (SNCF ‘K’) and renumbered 230.147–230.280 (1932–46)  [ fr ]
3301 ?— 2′C n4v Sächsische Maschinenfabrik 1913(1)1933 [53] Ex Saxon XII HV  [ de ]; received as war reparations in 1919
3305–3307 ?1-230.E.305 – 306 2′C h2 Sächsische Maschinenfabrik 1909(3)1930–? [53] Ex Saxon XII H1  [ de ]; received as war reparations in 1919
3311–333511S1-230.F.311 – 335 2′C h2 BMAG (10)
Borsig (2)
Linke-Hofmann (5)
Henschel & Sohn (8)		1909–18(25) ? [53] Ex Prussian P 8; received as war reparations in 1919
3351–336711/11S— 2′C n4v Maffei 1903–09(17)by 1925 [54] Ex Bavarian S 3/5; received as war reparations in 1919
3401–3500  [ fr ]11/11S1-230.A.401 – 500 2′C n4v Épernay Works1897–1902100by 1955 [55]
3501–3890  [ fr ]11/11S1-230.B.501 – 890 2′C n4v Maffei (20)
Schneider et Cie (105)
Épernay Works (60)
SACM-B (35)
Société Franco-Belge-R (50)
Henschel & Sohn (30)
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik (30)
Batignolles (20)
Fives-Lille (20)
ANF (20)		1901–12390by 1967 [56] Last 100 built with superheaters
3901–3940  [ fr ]111-232.TA.901 – 940 2′C2′ n4vt SACM-B (20)
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik (20)		1905–19104019 [57] Renumbered 33901–33940 in 1913
4001–4002 12— 1′D n4v SACM-B190221924–34 [58] Prototypes, based on Midi 4001
4003–4175 12/12S1-140.A.3–175 1′D n4vt Épernay Works (88)
Henschel & Sohn (20)
Sächsische Maschinenfabrik (20)
Fives-Lille (30)
ANF (15)		1905–14173by 1954 [59] Last 105 built with superheaters
4240–429112S1-040.D.440 – 491 D h2 (various)1915–19(52)by 1956 [60] Ex Prussian G 8.1; received as war reparations by PO and numbered 1304–70/80–84; 52 to Est and 20 to PLM in 1924.
4292–439912S1-040.D.442–4399 D h2 (various)1913–18(108)by 1966 [61] Ex Prussian G 8.1; received as war reparations
4401–4402 11S1-141.TB.401 – 402 1′D1′ h2t Épernay Works1911219 [62] Prototypes
4403–4512 11S1-141.TB.403 – 512 1′D1′ h2t Épernay Works (50)
ANF (15)
Société de Saint-Léonard  [ fr ] (15)
SFCM (30)		1913–17110by 1972 [63]
465111S1-141.TA.651 1′D1′ h3t Henschel & Sohn 191211939 [64] Ex Prussian T 14 prototype  [ de ]; received as war reparations
4656–468211S1-141.TA.656 – 682 1′D1′ h2t (various)1914–18(27)1951–57 [65] Ex Prussian T 14; received as war reparations
4700–470210— D n2 Sharp, Stewart & Company 1887–88(3)by 1925 [65] Ordered by Swedish & Norwegian Railway; ten acquired by Baden State Railway in 1893 and classified Baden VIII b  [ de ]. Received by Est as war reparations
470410b— D n2v Hanomag 189511931 [65] Ex Prussian G 7.2; received as war reparations
4706–474510b1-040.B.706 – 745 D n2 (various)1898–191640by 1954 [66] Ex Prussian G 7.1; received as war reparations
4751–47589— B′B n4v MBG Karlsruhe (2)
Maschinenfabrik Esslingen (6)		1895–19008by 1936 [66] Ex Baden VIII c  [ de ]; received as war reparations
4761–47649— B′B n4v Sächsische Maschinenfabrik 1898–994by 1936 [66] Ex Saxon I V  [ de ]; received as war reparations
4801–483111S1-040.C.801 – 831 D h2 (various)1906–133119 [67] Ex Prussian G 8; received as war reparations
4901–4990  [ fr ]91-040.TA.901 – 990 D n2t SFCM (60)
Épernay Works (10)
ANF (20)		1907–12901956–61 [68] Station shunters; Nord 4.446 design
5001–5002  [ fr ]131-151.TA.701 – 702 1′E1′ h2t Épernay Works191321959–63 [69] Renumbered 151.701 and 151.702 in 1930
5005121-050.A.5 E n2v Maschinenfabrik Esslingen 1905(1)1939 [69] Württemberg H; received as war reparations
5006–500712S1-050.A.6 – 7 E h2 Maschinenfabrik Esslingen 1909(2)1939–50 [69] Württemberg Hh; received as war reparations
5008–5010  [ fr; de ]12S1-050.A.8 – 9 E h2 Maschinenfabrik Esslingen 1913(3)1936–50 [69] Württemberg Hh
5015  [ fr ]131-150.A.15 1′E h3 Henschel & Sohn 1917(1)1945 [70] Ex Prussian G 12 (CFOA type).
5101–5105131-150.B.546 – 550 1′E h3 Henschel & Sohn 1916–1751925 [70] Ex Prussian G 12.1; received as war reparations; sold to Alsace-Lorraine 5546–5550 in 1925; scrapped 1951–55
5151–5159131-150.C.681 – 689 1′E h3 Henschel & Sohn (7)
Borsig (2)		191891919 [70] Ex Prussian G 12; received as war reparations; sold to Alsace-Lorraine 5681–5689 in 1919; scrapped 1951–57
5201–5206  [ fr ]131-150.D.201 –206 1′E h3 Sächsische Maschinenfabrik 19176by 1953 [70] Ex Saxon XIII H
5211–5335  [ fr ]131-150.E.1 – 125 1′E h3 SACM-G (45)
SACM-? (7)
Fives-Lille (57)
ANF (16)		1926–291251957–60 [71] Development of Saxon XIII H

Renumbered 150.001 to 150.125

5901–5925  [ fr ]13151.TA-.703 – 727 1′E1′ h2t Schneider et Cie 1925–26251957–65 [72]
6001–6002 13— (1′C)C n4v American Locomotive Company-S190821924–31 [72] Mallet
6101–6113 13— (B1′)(1′B) n4vt Épernay Works1911131921 [73] Kitson-Meyer/du Bousquet locomotives; sold to the Ceinture in 1921; resold to the Nord in 1934
30252…30428  [ fr ]8C1-130.A.252 … 428 1′C n2v Épernay Works1905–0948by 1957 [74] Rebuilds of 0-6-0 locomotives
30254…30766  [ fr ]8S1-130.B.243 … 766 1′C h2 Épernay Works1910–2692by 1968 [74] Rebuilds of 0-6-0 locomotives
31001–31040  [ fr ]11S1-231.B.1 – 20 2′C1′ h4v Société Franco-Belge-R (20)
Batignolles-Châtillon (20)		1921–23401957–59 [75] État-type Pacific; renumbered 231.001–231.040
32001–32050  [ fr ]11S bis1-131.TB.1 – 50 1′C1′ h2t ANF (25)
Fives-Lille (25)		1925501955–68 [76]
40001–4003512S1-140.C1 – 35 1′D h2 North British Locomotive Company 1916351960–73 [77] Ex ALVF, acquired 1918
40101–4031012S1-140-B101 – 310
140.G.891 … 1100		 1′D h2 Baldwin Locomotive Works 1917–18210 ? [78] Pershing 2-8-0 locomotives  [ fr ]
41001131-241.A.1 2′D1′ h4v Épernay Works192511959 [79] renumbered 241.001
141.701 – 141.702 12S1-141.TC.701 – 702 1′D1′ h3t Épernay Works193021959 [79] Prototypes
141.703 – 141.742 12S1-141.TC.703 – 742 1′D1′ h3t SFCM 1932–33401954–67 [80] Suburban tank locomotives; Seven to Ouest region as 3-141.TD in 1955
150.126 – 150.195  [ fr ]131-150.E.126 – 195 1′E h3 Fives-Lille (50)
SACM-G (20)		1970701957–63 [81] Continuation of 5211–5335
151.751 – 151.780  [ fr ]131-151.TC.751 – 780 1′E1′ h3t SACM-G1931–32301959–67 [82]
231.051 – 231.073  [ fr ]12S1-231.C.51–73 2′C1′ h4v Fives-Lille
SACM
SFCM 		1910–14231957 [83] Ex PO Pacifics, ordered in 1934 and rebuilt 1935
241.002 – 241.041131-241.A.2 – 41 2′D1′ h4v Fives-Lille (20)
SFCM (20)		1931–324019 [84]
241.108 … 241.137131-241.A.42 – 51 2′D1′ h4v Fives-Lille (6)
SFCM (4)		1931–3210 [85] Ex État 241.001 – 241.049 class (same design as Est 241.001 to 241.041); transferred 1938; remainder of class transferred to Est region 1945–48.
5002…53651-040.D.2 … 280 D h2 (various)1913–19(39) [85] ex Prussian G 8.1s of Alsace-Lorraine, acquired 1935
5701…581112S1-140.B.701 … 811 1′D n2 Baldwin Locomotive Works 1917–19(29) [86] ex Pershing 2-8-0 locomotives of the Alsace-Lorraine, acquired 1937

Preserved locomotives

ImageEst No.No. seriesPower
class
(Série)		SNCF No.UIC TypeManufacturerSerial No.DateComments
1852 Paris-Strasbourg Railway 4-2-0 No 80 La Continent photo 3.JPG
80 Le Continent79–90 ?— 2A n2 J. F. Cail1891852 [2] Static display, Cité du train, Mulhouse.
1847 111-No5 Sezanne photo 2.JPG
291288–299 ?— 1A1 Alfred Hallette et Cie51847 [87] Ex CF Montereau–Troyes No. 5 Sézanne; static display, Cité du train, Mulhouse.
32031 32001–32050 11S bis1-131.TB.31 1′C1′ h2t Fives-Lille 1925 Cité du train, Mulhouse, (not exposed).
141-TB-407 Longueville.jpg
4407 4403–4512 11S1-141.TB.407 1′D1′ h2t ANF 251913 [62] Restored by AJECTA, Longville. Monument Historique PM77000978
141-TB-424 Noyelles-b.jpg
4424 4403–4512 11S1-141.TB.424 1′D1′ h2t Société de Saint-Léonard  [ fr ]17681913 [62] Restored by AAATV; on loan to La Vapeur du Trieux. Monument Historique PM68000588
130-B-348.jpg
30348 30252–30766 8S1-130.B.348 1′C h2 Épernay WorksT 1371925 [88] AJECTA, Longville.
30439 30252–30766 8S1-130.B.439 1′C h2 Épernay WorksT 811914 [89]
130-B-476.jpg
30476 30252–30766 8S1-130.B.476 1′C h2 Épernay WorksT 1121922 [89] AJECTA, Longville.
140-C-22 Gray mars 1982.jpg
40022 40001–40035 12S1-140.C.22 1′D n2 North British Locomotive Co. 215441916 [90] Ex ALVF 22
140 C 27 CITEV Hausbergen par Claude Truong-Ngoc 1979.jpg
40027 40001–40035 12S1-140.C.27 1′D n2 North British Locomotive Co. 215491916 [90] Ex ALVF 27; Monument Historique PM30000546
Est Series XIII 4-8-2 No 241 001 (SNCF 241A1) photo 2.JPG
41000
241.001		 41000 131-241.A.1
 2′D1′ h4v Épernay Works9041925 [79] First 4-8-2 in Europe. Static display, Cité du train, Mulhouse
141-TD-740 Longueville.jpg
141.170 141.701 – 141.742 12S1-141.TC.740
3-141.TD.740		 1′D1′ h3t SFCM 42211932 [80] Monument Historique PM24000509

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References

  1. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 12.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Davies 2001, p. 13.
  3. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 14.
  4. 1 2 Davies 2001, pp. 3, 14.
  5. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 15.
  6. 1 2 Davies 2001, pp. 15–16.
  7. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 16.
  8. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 2, 16.
  9. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 17.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Davies 2001, pp. 1, 17.
  11. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 2, 17.
  12. 1 2 Davies 2001, pp. 1–2, 17.
  13. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 18.
  14. 1 2 Davies 2001, pp. 3, 18.
  15. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 18–19.
  16. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 4–5, 19.
  17. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 19–20.
  18. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 20.
  19. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 21.
  20. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 21–22.
  21. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 22.
  22. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 22–25.
  23. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 25.
  24. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 25–26.
  25. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 26.
  26. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 27.
  27. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 28.
  28. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 28–29.
  29. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 29.
  30. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 30.
  31. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 30–31.
  32. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 31.
  33. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 31–32.
  34. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 32.
  35. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 32–33.
  36. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 33.
  37. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 33–34.
  38. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 9, 34.
  39. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 34.
  40. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 5–6, 34.
  41. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 34–37.
  42. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 37.
  43. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 37–38.
  44. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 38–41.
  45. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 41–42.
  46. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 42–43.
  47. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 45.
  48. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 45–46.
  49. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 46.
  50. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 47.
  51. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 47–48.
  52. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 48–50.
  53. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 51.
  54. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 52.
  55. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 52–54.
  56. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 54–60.
  57. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 61.
  58. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 62.
  59. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 62–65.
  60. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 65–66.
  61. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 66–68.
  62. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 68.
  63. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 68–70.
  64. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 70.
  65. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 71.
  66. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 72.
  67. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 73.
  68. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 73–75.
  69. 1 2 3 4 Davies 2001, p. 75.
  70. 1 2 3 4 Davies 2001, p. 76.
  71. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 77–79.
  72. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 79.
  73. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 80.
  74. 1 2 Davies 2001, pp. 81–83.
  75. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 83–84.
  76. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 84–85.
  77. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 85–86.
  78. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 86–90.
  79. 1 2 3 Davies 2001, p. 90.
  80. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 91.
  81. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 91–93.
  82. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 93.
  83. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 94.
  84. ↑ Davies 2001, pp. 94–95.
  85. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 95.
  86. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 96.
  87. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 3.
  88. ↑ Davies 2001, p. 81.
  89. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 82.
  90. 1 2 Davies 2001, p. 86.
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