Insulin receptor substrates (IRS) are important ligands in the insulin response of human cells.

IRS-1, for example, is an IRS protein that contains a phosphotyrosine binding-domain (PTB-domain). In addition, the insulin receptor contains a NPXY motif. The PTB-domain binds the NPXY sequence. Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS.

Genes

• IRS1 (see also Insulin receptor substrate 1)
• IRS2 (see also Insulin receptor substrate 2)
• IRS3P - a pseudogene
• IRS4

References

• van der Geer P, Wiley S, Pawson T (1999). "Re-engineering the target specificity of the insulin receptor by modification of a PTB domain binding site". Oncogene. 18 (20): 3071–5. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1202879 . PMID   10340378.